1. Electrolytic capacitors
Electrolytic capacitors ndi capacitors opangidwa ndi makutidwe ndi okosijeni wosanjikiza pa elekitirodi kudzera zochita za electrolyte ngati wosanjikiza insulating, amene nthawi zambiri ali ndi mphamvu yaikulu.Electrolyte ndi zinthu zamadzimadzi, zokhala ngati odzola zodzaza ndi ayoni, ndipo ma capacitor ambiri a electrolytic ndi polar, ndiye kuti, akamagwira ntchito, mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi ya capacitor iyenera kukhala yayikulu nthawi zonse kuposa voteji yoyipa.
Kuchuluka kwa ma electrolytic capacitor kumaperekedwanso chifukwa cha zinthu zina zambiri, monga kukhala ndi kutayikira kwakukulu kwapano, inductance yayikulu yofananira ndi kukana, cholakwika chachikulu chololera, komanso moyo waufupi.
Kuphatikiza pa polar electrolytic capacitor, palinso ma electrolytic capacitor omwe si a polar.Pachithunzichi, pali mitundu iwiri ya 1000uF, 16V electrolytic capacitors.Pakati pawo, chachikulu sichikhala polar, ndipo chaching'ono ndi polar.
(Non-polar ndi polar electrolytic capacitors)
Mkati mwa capacitor electrolytic kungakhale electrolyte madzi kapena polima olimba, ndi elekitirodi chuma zambiri Aluminiyamu (Aluminiyamu) kapena tantalum (Tandalum).Zotsatirazi ndi wamba polar zotayidwa electrolytic capacitor mkati mwa dongosolo, pakati pa zigawo ziwiri za maelekitirodi pali wosanjikiza CHIKWANGWANI pepala ankawaviika electrolyte, kuphatikizapo wosanjikiza pepala insulating anasandulika yamphamvu, losindikizidwa mu chipolopolo zotayidwa.
(Mapangidwe amkati a electrolytic capacitor)
Kuchotsa electrolytic capacitor, kapangidwe kake koyambira kakhoza kuwoneka bwino.Pofuna kupewa kutuluka ndi kutuluka kwa electrolyte, gawo la pini ya capacitor limakhazikika ndi mphira wosindikiza.
Inde, chiwerengerochi chikuwonetsanso kusiyana kwa voliyumu yamkati pakati pa polar ndi non-polar electrolytic capacitors.Pa mphamvu yomweyo ndi mulingo wa voteji, non-polar electrolytic capacitor ndi yaikulu kuwirikiza kawiri kuposa polar.
(Mapangidwe amkati a non-polar ndi polar electrolytic capacitors)
Kusiyana kumeneku makamaka kumachokera ku kusiyana kwakukulu m'dera la maelekitirodi mkati mwa ma capacitors awiri.Elekitirodi yopanda polar capacitor ili kumanzere ndipo polar electrode ili kumanja.Kuphatikiza pa kusiyana kwa dera, makulidwe a ma electrode awiriwa ndi osiyana, ndipo makulidwe a polar capacitor electrode ndi ochepa.
(Electrolytic capacitor aluminiyamu pepala la m'lifupi osiyana)
2. Kuphulika kwa capacitor
Pamene voteji ntchito ndi capacitor kuposa kupirira voteji, kapena pamene polarity wa voteji wa polar electrolytic capacitor ndi n'zosiyana, capacitor kutayikira panopa adzauka kwambiri, kuchititsa kuwonjezeka kwa kutentha mkati capacitor, ndi electrolyte. adzatulutsa mpweya wambiri.
Pofuna kupewa kuphulika kwa capacitor, pali ma grooves atatu omwe amapanikizidwa pamwamba pa capacitor capacitor, kotero kuti pamwamba pa capacitor kumakhala kosavuta kusweka pansi pa kupanikizika kwakukulu ndikumasula mphamvu ya mkati.
(Thanki yophulika pamwamba pa electrolytic capacitor)
Komabe, ma capacitor ena pakupanga, kukanikiza kwapamwamba kwa groove sikuli koyenera, kukakamiza mkati mwa capacitor kumapangitsa kuti mphira wosindikiza pansi pa capacitor atulutsidwe, panthawiyi kupanikizika mkati mwa capacitor kumatulutsidwa mwadzidzidzi, kudzapanga. kuphulika.
1, non-polar electrolytic capacitor kuphulika
Chithunzi chomwe chili pansipa chikuwonetsa capacitor yopanda polar electrolytic capacitor yomwe ili pafupi, yokhala ndi mphamvu ya 1000uF ndi voteji ya 16V.Pambuyo pamagetsi ogwiritsidwa ntchito kuposa 18V, kuthamanga kwamadzi kumawonjezeka mwadzidzidzi, ndipo kutentha ndi kupanikizika mkati mwa capacitor kumawonjezeka.Pambuyo pake, chisindikizo cha rabara pansi pa capacitor chimatseguka, ndipo maelekitirodi amkati amaphwanyidwa ngati ma popcorn.
(kuphulika kwa electrolytic capacitor overvoltage blasting non-polar electrolytic capacitor)
Mwa kumangirira thermocouple ku capacitor, ndizotheka kuyeza njira yomwe kutentha kwa capacitor kumasintha pamene mphamvu yogwiritsidwa ntchito ikuwonjezeka.Chithunzi chotsatira chikuwonetsa capacitor yopanda polar pakuwonjezeka kwa voteji, pomwe voteji yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito imaposa mtengo wopirira, kutentha kwamkati kumapitilirabe.
(Mgwirizano pakati pa magetsi ndi kutentha)
Chithunzi chomwe chili pansipa chikuwonetsa kusintha kwazomwe zikuyenda kudzera mu capacitor panthawi yomweyi.Zitha kuwoneka kuti kuwonjezeka kwa panopa ndi chifukwa chachikulu cha kutentha kwa mkati.Pochita izi, voteji imawonjezeka mofanana, ndipo pamene panopa ikukwera kwambiri, gulu lamagetsi limapangitsa kuti magetsi agwe.Potsirizira pake, pamene panopa ikupitirira 6A, capacitor imaphulika ndi phokoso lalikulu.
(Mgwirizano pakati pa magetsi ndi magetsi)
Chifukwa chachikulu mkati voliyumu ya osakhala polar electrolytic capacitor ndi kuchuluka kwa electrolyte, kuthamanga kwaiye pambuyo kusefukira ndi yaikulu, chifukwa cha kuthamanga mpumulo thanki pamwamba pa chipolopolo osati kusweka, ndi kusindikiza mphira pansi. capacitor imatsegulidwa.
2, kuphulika kwa polar electrolytic capacitor
Kwa polar electrolytic capacitor, magetsi amagwiritsidwa ntchito.Mphamvu yamagetsi ikadutsa mphamvu yopirira ya capacitor, kutayikira kwapano kumakweranso kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti capacitor itenthe ndi kuphulika.
Chithunzi chili m'munsimu chikusonyeza kuchepetsa electrolytic capacitor, amene ali ndi mphamvu ya 1000uF ndi voteji 16V.Pambuyo pa overvoltage, ndondomeko yamkati yamkati imatulutsidwa kudzera mu thanki yapamwamba yothandizira, kotero kuti kuphulika kwa capacitor kumapewa.
Chithunzi chotsatira chikuwonetsa momwe kutentha kwa capacitor kumasinthira ndi kuwonjezeka kwa magetsi ogwiritsidwa ntchito.Pamene voteji ikuyandikira pang'onopang'ono mphamvu yopirira ya capacitor, mphamvu yotsalira ya capacitor imawonjezeka, ndipo kutentha kwamkati kumapitirira kukwera.
(Mgwirizano pakati pa magetsi ndi kutentha)
Chithunzi chotsatirachi ndikusintha kwa kutayikira kwa magetsi a capacitor, 16V electrolytic capacitor, muyeso, pamene voteji imaposa 15V, kutayikira kwa capacitor kumayamba kukwera kwambiri.
(Mgwirizano pakati pa magetsi ndi magetsi)
Kupyolera mu kuyesa kwa ma capacitor awiri oyamba a electrolytic, zitha kuwonekanso kuti malire amagetsi a 1000uF wamba ma electrolytic capacitors.Pofuna kupewa kuwonongeka kwamphamvu kwa capacitor, mukamagwiritsa ntchito electrolytic capacitor, ndikofunikira kusiya malire okwanira malinga ndi kusinthasintha kwenikweni kwamagetsi.
3,electrolytic capacitors mu mndandanda
Kumene kuli koyenera, mphamvu yokulirapo komanso mphamvu yayikulu yolimbana ndi voteji imatha kupezedwa ndi kulumikizana kofananira ndi mndandanda, motsatana.
(electrolytic capacitor popcorn pambuyo pa kuphulika kwamphamvu)
Muzinthu zina, magetsi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa capacitor ndi AC voltage, monga coupling capacitors of speaker, alternate current phase compensation, motor phase-shifting capacitor, etc., zomwe zimafuna kugwiritsa ntchito ma electrolytic capacitor omwe si a polar.
Mu bukhu logwiritsa ntchito loperekedwa ndi ena opanga ma capacitor, amapatsidwanso kuti kugwiritsa ntchito ma capacitor achikhalidwe polar polar-to-back series, ndiko kuti, ma capacitor awiri motsatizana pamodzi, koma polarity ndi yosiyana kuti apeze zotsatira za non- polar capacitors.
(electrolytic capacitance pambuyo pa kuphulika kwa overvoltage)
Zotsatirazi ndi kuyerekezera kwa polar capacitor pakugwiritsa ntchito voteji kutsogolo, reverse voteji, ma electrolytic capacitors kumbuyo-ndi-kumbuyo mndandanda muzochitika zitatu za non-polar capacitance, kutayikira kwapano kusintha ndi kuwonjezeka kwa magetsi ogwiritsidwa ntchito.
1. Forward voteji ndi kutayikira panopa
Zomwe zikuyenda kudzera mu capacitor zimayesedwa ndi kulumikiza resistor mu mndandanda.Mkati mwa kulekerera kwamagetsi kwa electrolytic capacitor (1000uF, 16V), magetsi ogwiritsidwa ntchito amawonjezeka pang'onopang'ono kuchokera ku 0V kuti ayese mgwirizano pakati pa kutayikira komweku ndi magetsi.
(positive series capacitance)
Chithunzi chotsatirachi chikuwonetsa mgwirizano pakati pa kutayikira kwapano ndi voteji ya polar aluminiyamu electrolytic capacitor, womwe ndi ubale wosagwirizana ndi kutayikira komweku pansi pa 0.5mA.
(Ubale pakati pa ma voltage ndi apano pambuyo pa mndandanda wakutsogolo)
2, reverse voteji ndi kutayikira panopa
Pogwiritsa ntchito momwemonso kuti muyeze ubale pakati pa voteji yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi electrolytic capacitor leakage current, zitha kuwoneka kuchokera pazithunzi zomwe zili pansipa kuti voteji yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ikadutsa 4V, kutayikira kwapano kumayamba kuwonjezeka mwachangu.Kuchokera potsetsereka pamapindikira otsatirawa, kusinthika kwa electrolytic capacitance ndikofanana ndi kukana kwa 1 ohms.
(Reverse voltage Ubale pakati pa magetsi ndi apano)
3. Back-to-back series capacitors
Awiri ofanana electrolytic capacitor (1000uF, 16V) olumikizidwa mmbuyo-ndi-mmbuyo mu mndandanda kupanga sanali polar ofanana electrolytic capacitor, ndiyeno pamapindikira ubale pakati voteji awo ndi kutayikira panopa anayeza.
(zabwino ndi zoipa polarity series capacitance)
Chithunzi chotsatirachi chikuwonetsa mgwirizano pakati pa voteji ya capacitor ndi kutayikira kwapano, ndipo mutha kuwona kuti kutayikira kumawonjezeka pambuyo poti voteji yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ipitilira 4V, ndipo matalikidwe apano ndi osakwana 1.5mA.
Ndipo muyeso uwu ndi wodabwitsa pang'ono, chifukwa mukuwona kuti kutayikira kwa ma capacitor awiriwa akubwerera m'mbuyo kumakhaladi kwakukulu kuposa kutayikira kwapano kwa capacitor imodzi pamene voteji ikugwiritsidwa ntchito patsogolo.
(Ubale pakati pa ma voltage ndi apano pambuyo pa mndandanda wabwino ndi woyipa)
Komabe, chifukwa cha zifukwa za nthawi, panalibe kuyesa mobwerezabwereza kwa chochitika ichi.Mwina imodzi mwa ma capacitor omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito anali capacitor ya reverse voltage test pompano, ndipo panali kuwonongeka mkati, kotero kuti pamwamba pake pamapindikira anapangidwa.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jul-25-2023