Galimoto yamafuta achikhalidwe imafunikira tchipisi 500 mpaka 600, ndipo magalimoto osakanikirana opepuka 1,000, ma hybrids ophatikizika ndi magalimoto opanda magetsi amafunikira tchipisi 2,000.
Izi zikutanthauza kuti pakutukuka kwachangu kwa magalimoto amagetsi anzeru, sikuti kufunikira kwa tchipisi tapamwamba komwe kukukulirakulirabe, komanso kufunikira kwa tchipisi tachikhalidwe kukupitilira kukula.Iyi ndiye MCU.Kuphatikiza pa kuchuluka kwa njinga, woyang'anira madambwe amabweretsanso kufunikira kwatsopano kwachitetezo chambiri, kudalirika kwakukulu, komanso mphamvu zamakompyuta apamwamba MCU.
MCU, MicroController Unit, yomwe imadziwika kuti single -chip microcomputer/microcontroller/single -chip microcomputer, imaphatikiza CPU, kukumbukira, ndi ntchito zotumphukira pa chip chimodzi kuti apange chip -level kompyuta yokhala ndi ntchito yolamulira.Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kuti akwaniritse kukonza ndi kuwongolera ma siginecha.Pakatikati pa dongosolo lanzeru lowongolera.
Ma MCU ndi zamagetsi zamagalimoto, mafakitale, makompyuta ndi maukonde, zamagetsi ogula, zida zapanyumba ndi intaneti ya zinthu zimagwirizana kwambiri ndi moyo wathu.Car Electronics ndiye msika waukulu kwambiri pamagetsi apagalimoto, ndipo ma elekitironi amawerengera 33% padziko lonse lapansi.
Chithunzi cha MCU
MCU imapangidwa makamaka ndi purosesa yapakati CPU, kukumbukira (ROM ndi RAM), mawonekedwe olowera ndi kutulutsa I / O, doko la serial, counter, ndi zina.
CPU: Central Processing Unit, purosesa yapakati, ndiye gawo lalikulu mkati mwa MCU.Zigawo zamagulu zimatha kumaliza ntchito yowerengera masamu a data, kusintha pang'ono, ndi ntchito yotumizira ma data.Zigawo zowongolera zimagwirizanitsa ntchitoyo motsatira nthawi yotsatizana kuti ifufuze ndikuchita malangizowo.
Rom: Memory Read-only ndi kukumbukira pulogalamu yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito posungira mapulogalamu olembedwa ndi opanga.Chidziwitsocho chimawerengedwa m'njira yosawononga.Essence
Ram: Memory Random Access Memory, ndi kukumbukira kwa data komwe kusinthanitsa deta mwachindunji ndi CPU, ndipo deta siingakhoze kusungidwa mphamvu itatayika.Pulogalamuyi imatha kulembedwa ndikuwerengedwa nthawi iliyonse ikathamanga, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati njira yosungiramo data kwakanthawi kwamakina ogwiritsira ntchito kapena mapulogalamu ena othamanga.
Ubale pakati pa CPU ndi MCU:
CPU ndiye maziko a kayendetsedwe ka ntchito.Kuphatikiza pa CPU, MCU ilinso ndi ROM kapena RAM, yomwe ndi chip -level chip.Zodziwika bwino ndi SOC (System On Chip), zomwe zimatchedwa system -level tchipisi zomwe zimatha kusunga ndikuyendetsa -level code, kuyendetsa QNX, Linux ndi machitidwe ena opangira, kuphatikiza ma processor angapo (CPU+GPU +DSP+NPU+ yosungirako. + mawonekedwe amtundu).
Zithunzi za MCU
Nambala amatanthauza m'lifupi MCU aliyense processing deta.Kuchuluka kwa manambala, kumapangitsanso mphamvu yopangira ma data a MCU.Pakalipano, chofunika kwambiri ndi manambala 8, 16, ndi 32, omwe 32 bits amawerengera kwambiri ndipo amakula mofulumira.
Mu ntchito zamagetsi zamagetsi, mtengo wa 8 -bit MCU ndi wotsika komanso wosavuta kupanga.Pakalipano, amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri powongolera zinthu zosavuta, monga kuyatsa, madzi amvula, mazenera, mipando, ndi zitseko.Komabe, pazinthu zovuta kwambiri, monga chiwonetsero chazida, makina azidziwitso zamagalimoto, makina owongolera magetsi, chassis, makina othandizira kuyendetsa, ndi zina zambiri, makamaka 32 -bit, ndikusintha kwamagetsi kwamagalimoto, luntha, ndi maukonde, Mphamvu yamakompyuta. Zofunikira za MCU zikuchulukirachulukira.
Kutsimikizika kwagalimoto ya MCU
Wopereka MCU asanalowe mu dongosolo la OEM, ndikofunikira kumaliza ziphaso zazikulu zitatu: gawo la mapangidwe liyenera kutsatira muyezo wachitetezo cha ISO 26262, mayendedwe oyenda ndi ma CD amayenera kutsatira AEC-Q001 ~ 004 ndi IATF16949, monga komanso panthawi yoyeserera certification Tsatirani AEC-Q100/Q104.
Pakati pawo, ISO 26262 imatanthawuza magawo anayi a chitetezo cha ASIL, kuchokera pansi mpaka pamwamba, A, B, C, ndi D;AEC-Q100 imagawidwa m'magulu anayi odalirika, kuyambira otsika mpaka apamwamba, 3, 2, 1, ndi 0, motero, 3, 2, 1, ndi 0 Essence The AEC-Q100 mndandanda wa certification nthawi zambiri umatenga zaka 1-2, pamene Chitsimikizo cha ISO 26262 ndichovuta kwambiri ndipo kuzungulira ndikutali.
Kugwiritsa ntchito kwa MCU pamsika wamagalimoto amagetsi anzeru
Kugwiritsa ntchito kwa MCU mumakampani amagalimoto ndikokulirapo.Mwachitsanzo, tebulo lakutsogolo ndikugwiritsa ntchito zida za thupi, makina amagetsi, chassis, zosangalatsa zamagalimoto, komanso kuyendetsa bwino.Kubwera kwanthawi yamagalimoto amagetsi anzeru, kufunikira kwa anthu pazinthu za MCU kudzakhala kokulirapo.
Kuyika magetsi:
1. Battery management system BMS: BMS imayenera kuwongolera kuyitanitsa ndi kutulutsa, kutentha, ndi kusanja kwa batri.Bungwe lalikulu lolamulira limafuna MCU, ndipo console iliyonse ya akapolo imafunanso MCU imodzi;
2.Wowongolera magalimoto VCU: Kuwongolera mphamvu zamagetsi zamagetsi kumafunika kuonjezera woyendetsa galimoto, ndipo panthawi imodzimodziyo imakhala ndi 32 -bit high-end MCUs, zomwe zimakhala zosiyana ndi mapulani a fakitale iliyonse;
3.Wowongolera injini / wowongolera bokosi: m'malo mwa stock, magetsi oyendetsa galimoto yamagetsi a MCU owongolera injini yamafuta.Chifukwa cha liwiro lalikulu la injini, chotsitsacho chiyenera kuchepetsedwa.The gearbox controller.
Luntha:
1. Pakalipano, msika wamagalimoto apakhomo udakali mu gawo la L2 lolowera kwambiri.Kuchokera pamtengo wokwanira komanso magwiridwe antchito, OEM imawonjezera ntchito ya ADAS imatengabe kamangidwe kogawidwa.Ndi kuchuluka kwa kutsitsa, MCU ya sensor information processing imakulanso molingana.
2. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa ntchito za cockpit, udindo wa tchipisi tamphamvu zatsopano umakhala wofunikira kwambiri, ndipo mawonekedwe a MCU ofananira adatsika.
Luso
The MCU palokha ali ndi zofunika patsogolo mphamvu kompyuta ndipo alibe zofunika mkulu njira patsogolo.Nthawi yomweyo, kusungirako kwake komwe kumapangidwira komwe kumalepheretsanso kusintha kwa njira ya MCU.Gwiritsani ntchito njira ya 28nm yokhala ndi zinthu za MCU.Mafotokozedwe a malamulo amagalimoto makamaka 8-inch wafers.Opanga ena, makamaka IDM, ayamba kusinthidwa pa nsanja ya 12-inch.
Njira zamakono za 28nm ndi 40nm ndizomwe zili pamsika.
Mabizinesi wamba kunyumba ndi kunja
Poyerekeza ndi mowa ndi mafakitale -grade MCUs, galimoto -level MCU ali ndi zofunika apamwamba potengera chilengedwe ntchito, kudalirika ndi mkombero kotunga.Kuphatikiza apo Ndizovuta kulowa, chifukwa chake msika wa MCU ndiwokhazikika kwambiri.Mu 2021, makampani asanu apamwamba kwambiri a MCU padziko lonse lapansi adachita 82%.
Pakali pano, dziko langa galimoto -level MCU akadali mu nthawi chiyambi, ndi unyolo katundu ali ndi kuthekera kwakukulu kwa nthaka ndi zoweta zina.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jul-08-2023