Control class chip introduction
Chip chowongolera makamaka chimatanthawuza MCU (Microcontroller Unit), ndiye kuti, microcontroller, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti chip single, ndikuchepetsa ma frequency a CPU ndi mafotokozedwe moyenera, kukumbukira, timer, kutembenuka kwa A/D, wotchi, I. / O doko ndi serial kulankhulana ndi ma modules ena ogwira ntchito ndi ma interfaces ophatikizidwa pa chip chimodzi. Kuzindikira ntchito yowongolera ma terminal, ili ndi zabwino zake zogwira ntchito kwambiri, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochepa, kusinthika komanso kusinthasintha kwakukulu.
Chithunzi cha MCU cha gauge level
Magalimoto ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri la MCU, malinga ndi data ya IC Insights, mu 2019, ntchito yapadziko lonse ya MCU pamagetsi amagalimoto idakhala pafupifupi 33%. Chiwerengero cha MCUS chogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi galimoto iliyonse muzojambula zapamwamba ndi pafupi ndi 100, kuchokera pamakompyuta oyendetsa, zida za LCD, kupita ku injini, chassis, zigawo zazikulu ndi zazing'ono m'galimoto zimafuna kulamulira kwa MCU.
M'masiku oyambirira, 8-bit ndi 16-bit MCUS ankagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pamagalimoto, koma ndi kupititsa patsogolo kosalekeza kwa magetsi a galimoto ndi luntha, chiwerengero ndi khalidwe la MCUS lofunika likuchulukiranso. Pakadali pano, gawo la 32-bit MCUS pamagalimoto a MCUS lafika pafupifupi 60%, pomwe kernel ya ARM's Cortex, chifukwa cha mtengo wake wotsika komanso kuwongolera mphamvu kwamphamvu, ndiye chisankho chachikulu cha opanga magalimoto a MCU.
Magawo akuluakulu a magalimoto a MCU akuphatikizapo magetsi ogwiritsira ntchito, ma frequency ogwiritsira ntchito, Flash ndi RAM mphamvu, timer module ndi nambala ya tchanelo, gawo la ADC ndi nambala ya chiteshi, mtundu wa mawonekedwe olumikizirana ndi nambala, kulowetsa ndi kutulutsa nambala ya doko ya I / O, kutentha kwa ntchito, phukusi. mawonekedwe ndi magwiridwe antchito achitetezo.
Ogawidwa ndi ma CPU bits, MCUS yamagalimoto imatha kugawidwa m'magulu 8, ma 16 ndi ma 32. Ndi kukweza kwa ndondomekoyi, mtengo wa 32-bit MCUS ukupitirizabe kutsika, ndipo tsopano wakhala wodziwika bwino, ndipo pang'onopang'ono m'malo mwa mapulogalamu ndi misika yomwe imayang'aniridwa ndi 8 / 16-bit MCUS m'mbuyomu.
Ngati agawidwa molingana ndi gawo logwiritsira ntchito, magalimoto a MCU amatha kugawidwa m'malo olamulira, malo opangira mphamvu, dera la chassis, dera la cockpit ndi malo oyendetsa mwanzeru. Kwa dera la cockpit ndi dera lanzeru, MCU iyenera kukhala ndi mphamvu zamakompyuta komanso njira zolumikizirana zothamanga kwambiri zakunja, monga CAN FD ndi Ethernet. Dongosolo la thupi limafunikiranso njira zambiri zolumikizirana zakunja, koma zofunikira zamakompyuta za MCU ndizochepa, pomwe dera lamagetsi ndi chasisi zimafuna kutentha kwapamwamba komanso magwiridwe antchito achitetezo.
Chassis domain control chip
Dera la Chassis limakhudzana ndi kuyendetsa galimoto ndipo limapangidwa ndi makina otumizira, makina oyendetsa, chiwongolero ndi ma braking system. Amapangidwa ndi magawo asanu, omwe ndi chiwongolero, braking, shifting, throttle and suspension system. Ndi chitukuko chanzeru zamagalimoto, kuzindikira kwamaganizidwe, kukonza zisankho ndikuwongolera kuyendetsa magalimoto anzeru ndiye machitidwe oyambira a chassis domain. Chiwongolero-ndi-waya ndi kuyendetsa-ndi-waya ndizo zigawo zikuluzikulu za mapeto oyendetsa galimoto.
(1) Zofunikira pa ntchito
Dongosolo la chassis ECU limagwiritsa ntchito nsanja yachitetezo chapamwamba, yowopsa komanso imathandizira kuphatikizika kwa ma sensor ndi ma sensor ax-axis inertial. Kutengera momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito izi, zofunikira zotsatirazi zikuperekedwa pagawo la chassis MCU:
+ Ma frequency apamwamba komanso mphamvu zamakompyuta apamwamba, ma frequency akulu ndi osachepera 200MHz ndipo mphamvu yamakompyuta si yochepera 300DMIPS
Malo osungiramo kung'anima si ochepera 2MB, okhala ndi code Flash ndi data Kung'anima magawo akuthupi;
RAM osachepera 512KB;
· Zofunikira zachitetezo chapamwamba, zimatha kufikira mulingo wa ASIL-D;
Thandizani 12-bit mwatsatanetsatane ADC;
Thandizani 32-bit yolondola kwambiri, yolumikizira nthawi yayitali;
Thandizani njira zambiri CAN-FD;
Thandizo losachepera 100M Ethernet;
· Kudalirika sikutsika kuposa AEC-Q100 Grade1;
Thandizani kukweza pa intaneti (OTA);
Thandizani ntchito yotsimikizira firmware (algorithm yachinsinsi ya dziko);
(2) Zofunikira zogwirira ntchito
Gawo la Kernel:
I. Mafupipafupi apakati: ndiko kuti, mafupipafupi a wotchi pamene kernel ikugwira ntchito, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuimira kuthamanga kwa kernel digital pulse signal oscillation, ndipo ma frequency akuluakulu sangathe kuyimira mwachindunji liwiro la kuwerengera kwa kernel. Kuthamanga kwa Kernel kumagwirizananso ndi mapaipi a kernel, cache, malangizo, etc.
II. Mphamvu yamakompyuta: DMIPS nthawi zambiri imatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pakuwunika. DMIPS ndi gawo lomwe limayesa magwiridwe antchito a pulogalamu ya benchmark yophatikizika ya MCU ikayesedwa.
· Memory magawo:
I. Code memory: kukumbukira kosungirako;
II. Kukumbukira kwa data: kukumbukira komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kusunga deta;
III.RAM: Memory yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito posunga deta yakanthawi ndi code.
· Mabasi olankhulana: kuphatikiza basi yapadera yamagalimoto ndi basi yolumikizirana wamba;
· Zolumikizira zolondola kwambiri;
· Kutentha kwa ntchito;
(3) Chitsanzo cha mafakitale
Momwe mamangidwe amagetsi ndi zamagetsi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi opanga ma automaker osiyanasiyana amasiyana, zofunikira pagawo la chassis zimasiyana. Chifukwa cha kasinthidwe kosiyanasiyana kwamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya fakitale yamagalimoto yomweyo, kusankha kwa ECU kwa dera la chassis kudzakhala kosiyana. Kusiyanitsa kumeneku kudzabweretsa zofunikira zosiyanasiyana za MCU pagawo la chassis. Mwachitsanzo, Honda Accord amagwiritsa ntchito tchipisi atatu ankalamulira MCU tchipisi, ndi Audi Q7 ntchito za 11 chassis ankalamulira MCU tchipisi. Mu 2021, kupanga magalimoto onyamula anthu aku China kuli pafupifupi 10 miliyoni, pomwe kuchuluka kwa magalimoto a njinga zamoto a MCUS ndi 5, ndipo msika wonse wafika pafupifupi 50 miliyoni. Otsatsa akulu a MCUS mudera lonse la chassis ndi Infineon, NXP, Renesas, Microchip, TI ndi ST. Ogulitsa asanu amtundu wa semiconductor padziko lonse lapansi amapitilira 99% ya msika wa chassis domain MCUS.
(4) Zopinga zamakampani
Kuchokera pamawonedwe ofunikira aukadaulo, zigawo za dera la chassis monga EPS, EPB, ESC zimagwirizana kwambiri ndi chitetezo chamoyo wa dalaivala, chifukwa chake chitetezo chachitetezo cha dera la chassis MCU ndichokwera kwambiri, makamaka ASIL-D. zofunikira pamlingo. Mulingo wachitetezo chogwira ntchito wa MCU ulibe kanthu ku China. Kuphatikiza pa magwiridwe antchito achitetezo, mawonekedwe ogwiritsira ntchito zigawo za chassis ali ndi zofunika kwambiri pamafupipafupi a MCU, mphamvu yamakompyuta, kukumbukira kukumbukira, magwiridwe antchito, kulondola kwa zotumphukira ndi zina. Chassis domain MCU yapanga chotchinga chachikulu kwambiri chamakampani, chomwe chimafunikira opanga m'nyumba za MCU kuti atsutse ndikuphwanya.
Pankhani ya chain chain, chifukwa cha zomwe zimafunikira pafupipafupi komanso mphamvu zamakompyuta zapamwamba pa chipangizo chowongolera cha zigawo za chisilamu, zofunika kwambiri zimayikidwa patsogolo pakupanga ndi kupanga mkate. Pakadali pano, zikuwoneka kuti njira yosachepera 55nm ikufunika kuti ikwaniritse zofunikira za pafupipafupi za MCU pamwamba pa 200MHz. Pachifukwa ichi, mzere wapakhomo wa MCU sunathe ndipo sunafike pamlingo wopanga anthu ambiri. Opanga ma semiconductor apadziko lonse lapansi atengera mtundu wa IDM, malinga ndi malo opangira mawafa, pakadali pano ndi TSMC, UMC ndi GF okha omwe ali ndi kuthekera kofananira. Opanga ma chip apanyumba onse ndi makampani a Fabless, ndipo pali zovuta ndi zoopsa zina pakupanga zowotcha komanso kutsimikizira mphamvu.
Muzochitika zazikulu zamakompyuta monga kuyendetsa galimoto modziyimira pawokha, ma cpus achikhalidwe amakhala ovuta kuti agwirizane ndi zofunikira zamakompyuta a AI chifukwa chocheperako pamakompyuta, ndipo tchipisi ta AI monga Gpus, FPgas ndi ASics zimagwira bwino ntchito m'mphepete ndi mtambo ndi zawo. mawonekedwe ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Kuchokera pamalingaliro aukadaulo, GPU idzakhalabe chida chachikulu cha AI pakanthawi kochepa, ndipo pakapita nthawi, ASIC ndiye chitsogozo chomaliza. Malinga ndi momwe msika ukuyendera, kufunikira kwapadziko lonse kwa tchipisi ta AI kupitilira kukula mwachangu, ndipo tchipisi tamtambo ndi m'mphepete zili ndi kuthekera kokulirapo, ndipo kukula kwa msika kukuyembekezeka kuyandikira 50% pazaka zisanu zikubwerazi. Ngakhale maziko aukadaulo wa chip wapakhomo ndi wofooka, ndi kutsika kofulumira kwa ntchito za AI, kuchuluka kwachangu kwa kufunikira kwa chip cha AI kumapanga mwayi waukadaulo komanso kukula kwa mabizinesi am'deralo. Kuyendetsa pawokha kuli ndi zofunika kwambiri pamagetsi apakompyuta, kuchedwa komanso kudalirika. Pakadali pano, mayankho a GPU+FPGA amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Ndi kukhazikika kwa ma algorithms komanso kuyendetsedwa ndi data, ma ASics akuyembekezeka kupeza malo amsika.
Malo ambiri amafunikira pa chipangizo cha CPU pakulosera kwa nthambi ndi kukhathamiritsa, kupulumutsa mayiko osiyanasiyana kuti muchepetse kuchedwa kwa kusintha kwa ntchito. Izi zimapangitsanso kukhala koyenera kwambiri pakuwongolera kwamalingaliro, magwiridwe antchito a serial ndi magwiridwe antchito amtundu wamba. Tengani GPU ndi CPU mwachitsanzo, poyerekeza ndi CPU, GPU imagwiritsa ntchito mayunitsi ambiri apakompyuta ndi mapaipi aatali, malingaliro osavuta owongolera ndikuchotsa Cache. CPU sikuti imangotenga malo ambiri ndi Cache, komanso imakhala ndi malingaliro ovuta kuwongolera komanso mabwalo ambiri okhathamiritsa, poyerekeza ndi mphamvu yamakompyuta ndi gawo laling'ono chabe.
Power domain control chip
Power domain controller ndi wanzeru powertrain management unit. Ndi CAN/FLEXRAY kuti tikwaniritse kasamalidwe ka kufala, kasamalidwe ka batri, kuyang'anira ma alternator malamulo, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakukhathamiritsa ndi kuwongolera kwa powertrain, pomwe onse amagetsi anzeru anzeru azindikira kupulumutsa mphamvu, kulumikizana kwa basi ndi ntchito zina.
(1) Zofunikira pa ntchito
The power domain control MCU ikhoza kuthandizira ntchito zazikulu mu mphamvu, monga BMS, ndi izi:
* Mkulu pafupipafupi, pafupipafupi 600MHz ~ 800MHz
RAM 4MB
· Zofunikira zachitetezo chapamwamba, zimatha kufikira mulingo wa ASIL-D;
Thandizani njira zambiri CAN-FD;
Thandizani 2G Ethernet;
· Kudalirika sikutsika kuposa AEC-Q100 Grade1;
Thandizani ntchito yotsimikizira firmware (algorithm yachinsinsi ya dziko);
(2) Zofunikira zogwirira ntchito
Kuchita kwapamwamba: Chogulitsachi chimaphatikiza ARM Cortex R5 dual-core lock-step CPU ndi 4MB pa-chip SRAM kuti zithandizire kuwonjezereka kwamphamvu zamakompyuta ndi kukumbukira zomwe zimafunikira pamagalimoto. ARM Cortex-R5F CPU mpaka 800MHz. Chitetezo chapamwamba: Muyezo wodalirika wodalirika wa galimoto AEC-Q100 umafika ku Giredi 1, ndipo muyezo wa chitetezo cha ISO26262 umafika ku ASIL D. Njira yotsekera yapawiri-core CPU imatha kufikira 99%. Module yotetezedwa yazidziwitso yophatikizidwa imaphatikiza jenereta yeniyeni yachisawawa, AES, RSA, ECC, SHA, ndi ma accelerator a hardware omwe amatsatira miyezo yoyenera yachitetezo cha boma ndi bizinesi. Kuphatikizana kwa ntchito zachitetezo chazidziwitsozi kumatha kukwaniritsa zosowa zamapulogalamu monga kuyambika kotetezeka, kulumikizana kotetezeka, kusinthika kwa firmware ndikukweza.
Body area control Chip
Dera la thupi ndilo makamaka limayang'anira ntchito zosiyanasiyana za thupi. Ndi chitukuko cha galimoto, woyang'anira dera la thupi amakhalanso mochulukira, kuti achepetse mtengo wa wolamulira, kuchepetsa kulemera kwa galimoto, kugwirizanitsa kumafunika kuyika zipangizo zonse zogwirira ntchito, kuchokera kutsogolo, pakati. mbali ya galimoto ndi kumbuyo kwa galimotoyo, monga kuwala kwa kumbuyo kwa brake, kuwala kwa malo kumbuyo, loko yotsekera chitseko, ngakhale ndodo iwiri yokhala ndi mgwirizano wogwirizana kukhala wolamulira wonse.
Woyang'anira dera la thupi nthawi zambiri amaphatikiza BCM, PEPS, TPMS, Gateway ndi ntchito zina, komanso amatha kukulitsa kusintha kwa mpando, kuyang'anira galasi lakumbuyo, kuwongolera mpweya ndi ntchito zina, kasamalidwe kokwanira komanso kogwirizana kwa actuator iliyonse, kugawa moyenera komanso moyenera kwazinthu zamadongosolo. . Ntchito zoyang'anira dera la thupi ndizochuluka, monga momwe ziliri pansipa, koma sizongowonjezera zomwe zalembedwa apa.
(1) Zofunikira pa ntchito
Zofunikira zazikulu zamagalimoto zamagalimoto zamatchipisi owongolera a MCU ndi kukhazikika bwino, kudalirika, chitetezo, nthawi yeniyeni ndi zina zaukadaulo, komanso magwiridwe antchito apamwamba apakompyuta ndi kusungirako, komanso kutsika kwa index yogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu. Woyang'anira dera la thupi asintha pang'onopang'ono kuchoka ku ntchito yoyendetsedwa bwino kupita ku woyang'anira wamkulu yemwe amagwirizanitsa zoyendetsa zonse zofunikira zamagetsi zamagetsi, ntchito zazikulu, magetsi, zitseko, Windows, ndi zina zotero. kuwongolera zitseko zotsekera, Windows ndi maulamuliro ena, makiyi anzeru a PEPS, kasamalidwe ka mphamvu, etc. Komanso pachipata CAN, extensible CANFD ndi FLEXRAY, LIN network, Efaneti mawonekedwe ndi gawo chitukuko ndi kapangidwe luso.
Kawirikawiri, zofunikira za ntchito zomwe tazitchula pamwambazi za chipangizo chachikulu cha MCU chowongolera m'dera la thupi zimawonekera makamaka pamagulu a makompyuta ndi kukonza, kugwirizanitsa ntchito, mawonekedwe olankhulana, ndi kudalirika. Pazofunikira zenizeni, chifukwa cha kusiyana kwa magwiridwe antchito pamawonekedwe osiyanasiyana ogwiritsira ntchito m'dera la thupi, monga Windows yamagetsi, mipando yodziwikiratu, tailgate yamagetsi ndi ntchito zina zamthupi, pamakhalabe zofunikira zowongolera magalimoto, kugwiritsa ntchito thupi kotero kumafunikira MCU kuphatikiza FOC electronic control aligorivimu ndi ntchito zina. Kuphatikiza apo, zochitika zosiyanasiyana zogwiritsira ntchito m'dera la thupi zimakhala ndi zofunikira zosiyanasiyana pakusintha mawonekedwe a chip. Chifukwa chake, nthawi zambiri pamafunika kusankha gawo la thupi la MCU malinga ndi magwiridwe antchito ndi magwiridwe antchito azomwe zimapangidwira, ndipo pazifukwa izi, kuyeza mtengo wamtengo wapatali, kuthekera kopereka ndi ntchito zaukadaulo ndi zina.
(2) Zofunikira zogwirira ntchito
Zizindikiro zazikulu zowongolera gawo la thupi la MCU chip ndi izi:
Magwiridwe: ARM Cortex-M4F@ 144MHz, 180DMIPS, yomangidwa mu 8KB cache cache cache, kuthandizira pulogalamu ya Flash acceleration unit 0 dikirani.
Kukumbukira kwakukulu kosungidwa: mpaka 512K Bytes eFlash, kuthandizira kusungidwa kwachinsinsi, kasamalidwe ka magawo ndi chitetezo cha data, kuthandizira kutsimikizira kwa ECC, kufufuta kwa 100,000, zaka 10 zosungira deta; 144K Bytes SRAM, kuthandizira parity hardware.
Njira zolumikizirana zolumikizana bwino: Thandizani ma GPIO, USART, UART, SPI, QSPI, I2C, SDIO, USB2.0, CAN 2.0B, EMAC, DVP ndi ena.
Integrated mkulu-ntchito simulator: Thandizani 12bit 5Msps mkulu-liwiro ADC, njanji ndi njanji odziyimira payokha amplifier ntchito, mkulu-liwiro analogi comparator, 12bit 1Msps DAC; Thandizani zolowetsa zakunja zodziyimira pawokha gwero lamagetsi, makiyi okhudza njira zambiri za capacitive; Wowongolera wothamanga kwambiri wa DMA.
Thandizani mkati mwa RC kapena kuyika kwa wotchi yakunja ya kristalo, kubwezeretsanso kudalirika kwakukulu.
Wotchi yokhazikika ya RTC yeniyeni, kalendala yanthawi zonse yothandizira, zochitika zama alarm, kudzuka pafupipafupi.
Thandizani kauntala yanthawi yolondola kwambiri.
Mawonekedwe a chitetezo cha hardware: Injini ya encryption algorithm hardware acceleration, yothandizira AES, DES, TDES, SHA1/224/256, SM1, SM3, SM4, SM7, MD5 algorithms; Kusungidwa kwa Flash yosungirako, kasamalidwe ka magawo ambiri a ogwiritsa ntchito (MMU), TRNG jenereta yeniyeni yachisawawa, CRC16/32 ntchito; Thandizo lolemba chitetezo (WRP), maulendo angapo otetezedwa (RDP) (L0 / L1 / L2); Thandizani kuyambika kwachitetezo, kutsitsa kwa encryption pulogalamu, zosintha zachitetezo.
Thandizani kuyang'anira kulephera kwa mawotchi ndi kuwunika koletsa kuwonongeka.
96-bit UID ndi 128-bit UCID.
Kwambiri odalirika malo ntchito: 1.8V ~ 3.6V/-40 ℃ ~ 105 ℃.
(3) Chitsanzo cha mafakitale
Thupi lamagetsi lamagetsi lili mu gawo loyambirira la kukula kwa mabizinesi akunja ndi apakhomo. Mabizinesi akunja monga BCM, PEPS, zitseko ndi Windows, wowongolera mipando ndi zinthu zina zogwira ntchito imodzi ali ndi luso lakuya, pomwe makampani akuluakulu akunja ali ndi mizere yambiri yazogulitsa, ndikuyika maziko oti azichita zinthu zophatikizira dongosolo. . Mabizinesi apakhomo ali ndi zabwino zina pakugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zatsopano zamagalimoto. Tengani BYD mwachitsanzo, mugalimoto yatsopano yamphamvu ya BYD, dera la thupi limagawidwa kumanzere ndi kumanja, ndipo zomwe zimapangidwa pakuphatikizana kwadongosolo zimakonzedwanso ndikufotokozedwa. Komabe, pankhani ya tchipisi tating'onoting'ono ta thupi, wogulitsa wamkulu wa MCU akadali Infineon, NXP, Renesas, Microchip, ST ndi opanga ma chips ena apadziko lonse lapansi, ndipo opanga zida zapakhomo pano ali ndi gawo lotsika pamsika.
(4) Zopinga zamakampani
Kuchokera pakulankhulana, pali njira yachisinthiko ya zomangamanga zachikhalidwe-zomangamanga zosakanizidwa - Platform yomaliza ya Makompyuta. Kusintha kwa liwiro la kulankhulana, komanso kuchepetsa mtengo wa mphamvu zoyambira makompyuta ndi chitetezo chogwira ntchito kwambiri ndizofunikira, ndipo n'zotheka kuzindikira pang'onopang'ono kugwirizana kwa ntchito zosiyanasiyana pamlingo wamagetsi wa wolamulira wofunikira m'tsogolomu. Mwachitsanzo, woyang'anira dera la thupi amatha kuphatikizira chikhalidwe cha BCM, PEPS, ndi ntchito za anti-pinch. Kunena zoona, zotchinga zaukadaulo za chipangizo chowongolera madera amthupi ndizotsika kuposa malo opangira magetsi, malo ochitira okwera ndege, ndi zina zambiri, ndipo tchipisi tapakhomo tikuyembekezeka kutsogolera pakutukuka kwakukulu m'dera la thupi ndikuzindikira pang'onopang'ono kulowa m'malo. M'zaka zaposachedwa, msika wapakhomo wa MCU womwe uli kutsogolo komanso kumbuyo kwa msika ukuyenda bwino kwambiri.
Cockpit control Chip
Electrification, luntha ndi maukonde zathandizira chitukuko cha zomangamanga zamagalimoto zamagetsi ndi zamagetsi kuti zitsogolere kuwongolera kwa domain, ndipo cockpit ikukulanso mwachangu kuchokera pamakina omvera ndi makanema amakanema kupita ku cockpit yanzeru. Cockpit imaperekedwa ndi mawonekedwe a makompyuta a anthu, koma kaya ndi infotainment system yapitayi kapena cockpit yanzeru yamakono, kuwonjezera pa kukhala ndi SOC yamphamvu yokhala ndi liwiro la kompyuta, ikufunikanso nthawi yeniyeni ya MCU yolimbana nayo. kuyanjana kwa data ndi galimoto. Kutchuka kwapang'onopang'ono kwa magalimoto ofotokozedwa ndi mapulogalamu, OTA ndi Autosar mu cockpit yanzeru kumapangitsa kuti zofunikira pazachuma za MCU mu cockpit zichuluke. Zomwe zikuwonetsedwa pakuwonjezeka kwa kuchuluka kwa FLASH ndi RAM, kufunikira kwa PIN Count kukuchulukiranso, ntchito zovuta kwambiri zimafunikira mphamvu zoyendetsera pulogalamu, komanso kukhala ndi mawonekedwe a basi olemera.
(1) Zofunikira pa ntchito
MCU m'dera la kanyumba makamaka amazindikira kasamalidwe ka mphamvu zamakina, kasamalidwe ka nthawi, kasamalidwe ka maukonde, matenda, kulumikizana kwa data yamagalimoto, fungulo, kasamalidwe ka nyali, kasamalidwe ka ma module a DSP/FM, kasamalidwe ka nthawi kachitidwe ndi ntchito zina.
Zofunikira zothandizira MCU:
· Kuthamanga kwakukulu ndi mphamvu zamakompyuta zimakhala ndi zofunikira zina, mafupipafupi akuluakulu si ochepera 100MHz ndipo mphamvu yamakompyuta si osachepera 200DMIPS;
Malo osungiramo kung'anima si ochepera 1MB, okhala ndi code Flash ndi data Kung'anima magawo akuthupi;
RAM osachepera 128KB;
· Zofunikira pachitetezo chachitetezo chapamwamba, zimatha kufikira mulingo wa ASIL-B;
Thandizani njira zambiri za ADC;
Thandizani njira zambiri CAN-FD;
· Kuwongolera magalimoto Gawo AEC-Q100 Grade1;
Thandizani kukweza kwapaintaneti (OTA), kuthandizira kwa Flash Bank wapawiri;
· SHE/HSM-light level ndi pamwamba pazidziwitso injini yobisa imafunikira kuti ithandizire kuyambitsa kotetezeka;
Kuwerengera kwa Pin sikuchepera 100PIN;
(2) Zofunikira zogwirira ntchito
IO imathandizira mphamvu zamagetsi (5.5v ~ 2.7v), doko la IO limathandizira kugwiritsa ntchito mopitilira muyeso;
Zambiri zolowetsa ma siginecha zimasinthasintha malinga ndi mphamvu ya batire yamagetsi, ndipo kupitilira kwamagetsi kumatha kuchitika. Kuchuluka kwamagetsi kungapangitse kukhazikika kwadongosolo ndi kudalirika.
Moyo wamakumbukiro:
Kuzungulira kwa moyo wagalimoto ndi zaka zopitilira 10, kotero kusungirako pulogalamu ya MCU yagalimoto ndi kusungirako deta kumafunika kukhala ndi moyo wautali. Kusungirako mapulogalamu ndi kusungirako deta kumafunika kukhala ndi magawo osiyana a thupi, ndipo kusungirako pulojekiti kuyenera kuchotsedwa nthawi zochepa, kotero Endurance> 10K, pamene kusungirako deta kumafunika kufufutidwa mobwerezabwereza, kotero kumayenera kukhala ndi nthawi zambiri zofufutira. . Onani chizindikiro cha kung'anima kwa data Kupirira> 100K, zaka 15 (<1K). Zaka 10 (<100K).
Kuyankhulana kwa basi;
Kuchulukira kwamabasi pamagalimoto kukukulirakulira, kotero kuti chikhalidwe CAN SINGAkwaniritsenso kufunikira kolumikizana, kufunikira kwa mabasi othamanga kwambiri a CAN-FD kukukulirakulira, kuthandizira CAN-FD pang'onopang'ono kwakhala muyezo wa MCU. .
(3) Chitsanzo cha mafakitale
Pakali pano, chiwerengero cha zoweta anzeru kanyumba MCU akadali otsika kwambiri, ndipo sapulaya chachikulu akadali NXP, Renesas, Infineon, ST, Microchip ndi ena opanga mayiko MCU. Opanga angapo apakhomo a MCU akhala akukhazikika, momwe msika umagwirira ntchito ukuwonekerabe.
(4) Zopinga zamakampani
The wanzeru kanyumba galimoto malamulo mlingo ndi zinchito chitetezo mlingo ndi si mkulu kwambiri, makamaka chifukwa cha kudzikundikira kudziwa mmene, ndi kufunika kopitirizabe mankhwala iteration ndi kusintha. Pa nthawi yomweyo, chifukwa palibe mizere kupanga MCU ambiri mu nsalu zoweta, ndondomeko ndi m'mbuyo, ndipo zimatenga nthawi kuti tikwaniritse unyolo kupanga dziko, ndipo pangakhale mtengo wapamwamba, ndi kuthamanga mpikisano ndi opanga mayiko ndi wamkulu.
Kugwiritsa ntchito chip chapakhomo
Tchipisi zowongolera magalimoto zimatengera MCU yamagalimoto, mabizinesi otsogola apakhomo monga Ziguang Guowei, Huada Semiconductor, Shanghai Xinti, Zhaoyi Innovation, Jiefa Technology, Xinchi Technology, Beijing Junzheng, Shenzhen Xihua, Shanghai Qipuwei, National Technology, ndi zina zambiri. kutsatizana kwazinthu zamagalimoto a MCU, zoyeserera zazikulu zakumayiko akunja, zomwe pano zimatengera kamangidwe ka ARM. Mabizinesi ena achitanso kafukufuku ndi chitukuko cha zomangamanga za RISC-V.
Pakali pano, zoweta galimoto ulamuliro ankalamulira Chip makamaka ntchito mu magalimoto kutsogolo Kutsegula msika, ndipo wagwiritsidwa ntchito pa galimoto mu ankalamulira thupi ndi ankalamulira infotainment, pamene mu chassis, ankalamulira mphamvu ndi madera ena, akadali lolamulidwa ndi zimphona zakunja zakunja monga stmicroelectronics, NXP, Texas Instruments, ndi Microchip Semiconductor, ndi mabizinesi ochepa okha apakhomo omwe adazindikira ntchito zopanga zambiri. Pakadali pano, wopanga zida zapakhomo Chipchi adzatulutsa zida zotsogola zapamwamba za E3 zochokera ku ARM Cortex-R5F mu Epulo 2022, zokhala ndi chitetezo chogwira ntchito mpaka ASIL D, mulingo wa kutentha womwe umathandizira AEC-Q100 Gulu 1, ma frequency a CPU mpaka 800MHz. , yokhala ndi ma cores 6 a CPU. Ndiwochita bwino kwambiri mumsika wamagetsi opangira misala omwe alipo MCU, ndikudzaza msika wamsika wamsika wamsika wapamwamba kwambiri wamagalimoto a MCU, wokhala ndi magwiridwe antchito apamwamba komanso odalirika kwambiri, angagwiritsidwe ntchito mu BMS, ADAS, VCU, ndi -waya chassis, chida, HUD, galasi lanzeru lakumbuyo ndi magawo ena owongolera magalimoto. Makasitomala opitilira 100 atengera E3 pakupanga zinthu, kuphatikiza GAC, Geely, ndi zina.
Kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zofunika kwambiri zapakhomo
Nthawi yotumiza: Jul-19-2023
