"Mnyamata wina wazaka 23 woyendetsa ndege ku China Southern Airlines adagwidwa ndi magetsi pamene akuyankhula pa iPhone5 yake pamene ikulipira", nkhaniyi yakopa chidwi cha anthu ambiri pa intaneti. Kodi ma charger angaike moyo pachiswe? Akatswiri amasanthula kutayikira kwa thiransifoma mkati mwa charger ya foni yam'manja, 220VAC kusinthira kutayikira komweko mpaka kumapeto kwa DC, ndikudutsa pamzere wa data kupita ku chipolopolo chachitsulo cha foni yam'manja, ndipo pamapeto pake kumayambitsa kugunda kwamagetsi, kuchitika kwa tsoka losasinthika.
Nanga ndichifukwa chiyani kutulutsa kwa charger ya foni yam'manja kumabwera ndi 220V AC? Kodi tiyenera kulabadira chiyani posankha magetsi akutali? Kodi mungasiyanitse bwanji pakati pa magetsi akutali ndi omwe sali okha? Malingaliro odziwika mumakampani ndi awa:
1. Mphamvu yapayokha: Palibe kulumikizana kwachindunji kwamagetsi pakati pa loop yolowera ndi kutulutsa kwamagetsi, ndipo zolowetsa ndi zotulutsa zili m'malo osakanizidwa kwambiri popanda kuzungulira kwaposachedwa, monga momwe zikuwonetsedwera pa Chithunzi 1:
2, magetsi osadzipatula:pali kuzungulira kwachindunji pakati pa kulowetsa ndi kutulutsa, mwachitsanzo, kulowetsa ndi kutulutsa ndizofala. Dera lakutali la flyback ndi dera losakhala lapadera la BUCK limatengedwa ngati zitsanzo, monga momwe tawonetsera pa Chithunzi 2.
1.Ubwino ndi kuipa kwa magetsi akutali komanso magetsi osakhazikika
Malingana ndi mfundo zomwe tazitchula pamwambapa, kwa topology yamagetsi yamagetsi, magetsi osadzipatula amaphatikizapo Buck, Boost, buck-boost, ndi zina zotero. topolologies zina ndi kudzipatula thiransifoma.
Kuphatikizana ndi magetsi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri komanso osadzipatula, tikhoza kupeza mwachidwi zina mwa ubwino ndi zovuta zawo, ubwino ndi kuipa kwa awiriwa ndi pafupifupi zosiyana.
Kuti mugwiritse ntchito magetsi akutali kapena amodzi, ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa momwe polojekiti yeniyeni imafunira magetsi, koma izi zisanachitike, mutha kumvetsetsa kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pamagetsi akutali ndi amodzi:
① Module yodzipatula imakhala yodalirika kwambiri, koma yokwera mtengo komanso yotsika.
②Kapangidwe ka gawo losadzipatula ndi losavuta kwambiri, lotsika mtengo, lokwera kwambiri, komanso kusachita bwino kwachitetezo.
Chifukwa chake, munthawi zotsatirazi, tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi akutali:
① Kuphatikizira zochitika zamphamvu zamagetsi, monga kutenga magetsi kuchokera pagululi kupita kumagetsi otsika kwambiri a DC, akuyenera kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi a AC-DC akutali;
② Mabasi olumikizirana amatumiza zidziwitso kudzera pamanetiweki akuthupi monga RS-232, RS-485 ndi controller local area network (CAN). Iliyonse mwa machitidwe olumikizana awa ali ndi mphamvu yakeyake, ndipo mtunda pakati pa machitidwe nthawi zambiri umakhala kutali. Chifukwa chake, nthawi zambiri timafunikira kudzipatula kwamagetsi pakudzipatula kwamagetsi kuti titsimikizire chitetezo chakuthupi chadongosolo. Mwa kudzipatula ndi kudula chipika chokhazikika, dongosololi limatetezedwa ku mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi yanthawi yochepa ndipo kusokoneza kwa chizindikiro kumachepetsedwa.
③ Kwa madoko a I/O akunja, kuti muwonetsetse kuti dongosololi likugwira ntchito modalirika, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tisiyanitse magetsi a madoko a I/O.
Gome lachidule likuwonetsedwa mu Table 1, ndipo ubwino ndi kuipa kwa awiriwa ndi pafupifupi zosiyana.
Table 1 Ubwino ndi kuipa kwa magetsi akutali komanso osadzipatula
2,Kusankha kwa mphamvu zodzipatula komanso mphamvu zopanda kudzipatula
Pomvetsetsa ubwino ndi kuipa kwa magetsi akutali komanso osadzipatula, chilichonse chili ndi ubwino wake, ndipo tatha kupanga ziganizo zolondola za njira zina zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamagetsi:
① Mphamvu zamagetsi zamakina nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kukonza zotsutsana ndi kusokoneza ndikuwonetsetsa kudalirika.
② Kupereka mphamvu kwa IC kapena gawo la dera mu board board, kuyambira pamtengo wotsika mtengo komanso kuchuluka, kugwiritsa ntchito mwamakonda njira zodzipatula.
③ Pazofunikira zachitetezo pachitetezo, ngati mukufuna kulumikiza AC-DC ya Magetsi a Municipal, kapena magetsi ogwiritsira ntchito zamankhwala, kuti mutsimikizire chitetezo cha munthuyo, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi. Nthawi zina, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi kuti mulimbikitse kudzipatula.
④ Kwa magetsi akutali kwa mafakitale akutali, kuti athe kuchepetsa kusiyanasiyana kwa malo ndi kusokoneza kwa waya, nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito popangira magetsi opangira magetsi pagawo lililonse lolumikizirana lokha.
⑤ Pogwiritsa ntchito magetsi a batri, magetsi osadzipatula amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa moyo wa batri.
Pomvetsetsa ubwino ndi kuipa kwa kudzipatula ndi mphamvu zopanda kudzipatula, ali ndi ubwino wawo. Pazinthu zina zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri zophatikizira magetsi, titha kufotokozera mwachidule nthawi zomwe amasankha.
1.ISolation magetsi
Pofuna kupititsa patsogolo ntchito zotsutsana ndi kusokoneza ndikuwonetsetsa kudalirika, nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito podzipatula.
Pazofunika zachitetezo pachitetezo, ngati mukufuna kulumikiza ku AC-DC ya Municipal Electricity, kapena magetsi ogwiritsira ntchito zamankhwala, ndi zida zoyera, kuti mutsimikizire chitetezo cha munthuyo, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi, monga MPS MP020, pamayankho oyambilira a AC-DC, oyenera kugwiritsa ntchito 1 ~ 10W;
Pakuti mphamvu ya mauthenga akutali mafakitale, kuti bwino kuchepetsa zotsatira za kusiyana kwa malo ndi kusokoneza waya lumikiza kusokoneza, izo zambiri ntchito osiyana magetsi mphamvu aliyense kulankhula mfundo yekha.
2. Non-kudzipatula magetsi
IC kapena dera lina mu bolodi la dera limayendetsedwa ndi chiŵerengero cha mtengo ndi voliyumu, ndipo yankho lopanda kudzipatula ndilokonda; monga MPS MP150/157/MP174 mndandanda wa tonde osadzipatula AC-DC, oyenera 1 ~ 5W;
Pankhani ya voteji yogwira ntchito pansi pa 36V, batire imagwiritsidwa ntchito popereka mphamvu, ndipo pali zofunikira zolimba kuti zipirire, ndipo magetsi osadzipatula amakondedwa, monga MP2451/MPQ2451 ya MPS.
Ubwino ndi kuipa kwa kudzipatula mphamvu ndi sanali kudzipatula magetsi
Pomvetsetsa ubwino ndi kuipa kwa kudzipatula komanso kusadzipatula magetsi, ali ndi ubwino wawo. Pazosankha zina zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pafupipafupi, titha kutsatira ziganizo zotsatirazi:
Pazofunika zachitetezo, ngati mukufuna kulumikiza ku AC-DC ya Municipal Electricity, kapena magetsi azachipatala, kuti mutsimikizire chitetezo cha munthuyo, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi, ndipo nthawi zina ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuwonjezera mphamvu ya kudzipatula.
Nthawi zambiri, zomwe zimafunikira pamagetsi odzipatula amagetsi sizokwera kwambiri, koma voteji yapamwamba yodzipatula imatha kuwonetsetsa kuti gawo lamagetsi lili ndi kutayikira kochepa, chitetezo chokwanira komanso kudalirika, ndipo mawonekedwe a EMC ndiabwinoko. Choncho General kudzipatula voteji mlingo ndi pamwamba 1500VDC.
3, kusamala posankha gawo la mphamvu yodzipatula
Kukaniza kudzipatula kwa magetsi kumatchedwanso mphamvu ya anti-electric mu GB-4943 national standard. Muyezo wa GB-4943 uwu ndi miyezo yachitetezo cha zida zachidziwitso zomwe timanena nthawi zambiri, kuti tipewe anthu kukhala miyezo yapadziko lonse lapansi komanso yamagetsi, kuphatikiza kupewa kupewa Anthu amawonongeka ndi kuwonongeka kwa magetsi, kuwonongeka kwa thupi, kuphulika. Monga momwe tawonetsera m'munsimu, chithunzi chojambula cha kudzipatula kwamagetsi.
Chithunzi cha kapangidwe ka mphamvu zodzipatula
Monga chizindikiro chofunikira cha mphamvu ya module, muyeso wodzipatula komanso njira yoyesera yolimbana ndi kupanikizika imatchulidwanso muyeso. Nthawi zambiri, kuyesa kofanana komwe kungathe kulumikizidwa nthawi zambiri kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pakuyesa kosavuta. Chiwonetsero cha schema kugwirizana ndi motere:
Chithunzi chodziwika bwino cha kukana kudzipatula
Njira Zoyesera:
Khazikitsani voliyumu ya kukana kwa voteji pamtengo womwe waperekedwa, womwe umayikidwa ngati mtengo womwe watsitsidwa, ndipo nthawiyo imayikidwa pamtengo wanthawi yoyeserera;
Operating pressure meters amayamba kuyesa ndikuyamba kukanikiza. Panthawi yoyeserera, gawoli liyenera kukhala losasindikizidwa komanso lopanda ntchentche.
Zindikirani kuti gawo la mphamvu yowotcherera liyenera kusankhidwa panthawi yoyesera kuti mupewe kuwotcherera mobwerezabwereza ndikuwononga gawo la mphamvu.
Komanso, tcherani khutu:
1. Samalani kaya ndi AC-DC kapena DC-DC.
2. Kudzipatula kwa gawo la mphamvu yodzipatula. Mwachitsanzo, ngati 1000V DC ikukwaniritsa zofunikira za kutchinjiriza.
3. Kaya gawo la mphamvu yodzipatula lili ndi mayeso odalirika odalirika. Gawo lamagetsi liyenera kuchitidwa ndi kuyezetsa magwiridwe antchito, kuyezetsa kulolerana, kusintha kwakanthawi, kuyezetsa kudalirika, kuyezetsa ma electromagnetic a EMC, kuyezetsa kutentha kwambiri komanso kutsika, kuyesa kwambiri, kuyesa moyo, kuyesa chitetezo, ndi zina zambiri.
4. Kaya mzere wopangira gawo lamagetsi lapadera ndi lokhazikika. Mzere wopangira gawo lamphamvu uyenera kudutsa ziphaso zingapo zapadziko lonse lapansi monga ISO9001, ISO14001, OHSAS18001, ndi zina, monga momwe tawonetsera pa Chithunzi 3 pansipa.
Chithunzi 3 ISO satifiketi
5. Kaya gawo la mphamvu yodzipatula limagwiritsidwa ntchito kumadera ovuta monga mafakitale ndi magalimoto. Gawo lamagetsi silimangogwiritsidwa ntchito kumadera ovuta a mafakitale, komanso mu dongosolo la kayendetsedwe ka BMS la magalimoto atsopano amphamvu.
4,Tamazindikira mphamvu zodzipatula komanso mphamvu zopanda kudzipatula
Choyamba, kusamvetsetsana kumafotokozedwa: Anthu ambiri amaganiza kuti mphamvu zopanda kudzipatula sizili bwino ngati mphamvu yodzipatula, chifukwa magetsi omwe amadzipatula okha ndi okwera mtengo, choncho ayenera kukhala okwera mtengo.
Chifukwa chiyani kuli bwino kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zodzipatula kusiyana ndi kusadzipatula m'malingaliro a aliyense tsopano? M'malo mwake, lingaliro ili ndikukhalabe mu lingaliro zaka zingapo zapitazo. Chifukwa kukhazikika kosadzipatula m'zaka zam'mbuyomu kulibe kudzipatula komanso kukhazikika, koma ndikusintha kwaukadaulo wa R & D, kusadzipatula tsopano kwakhwima kwambiri ndipo kukukhazikika. Ponena za chitetezo, kwenikweni, mphamvu zopanda kudzipatula ndizotetezeka kwambiri. Malingana ngati mawonekedwewo asinthidwa pang'ono, amakhalabe otetezeka ku thupi la munthu. Chifukwa chomwechi, mphamvu zopanda kudzipatula zimathanso kudutsa miyezo yambiri yachitetezo, monga: Ultuvsaace.
M'malo mwake, chomwe chimayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa magetsi osadzipatula amayamba chifukwa cha kukwera kwamagetsi kumapeto konse kwa chingwe cha AC. Tinganenenso kuti mphezi ikuwomba. Mphamvu yamagetsiyi imakhala yokwera pompopompo kumapeto kwa mzere wa AC, nthawi zina mpaka ma volts zikwi zitatu. Koma nthawi ndi yochepa kwambiri ndipo mphamvu ndi yamphamvu kwambiri. Zidzachitika likakhala bingu, kapena pamzere womwewo wa AC, pamene katundu wamkulu wachotsedwa, chifukwa inertia yamakono idzachitikanso. Dera lodzipatula la BUCK lidzapereka nthawi yomweyo ku zotsatira zake, kuwononga mphete yodziwika bwino, kapena kuwononga chip, kuchititsa 300V kudutsa, ndikuwotcha nyali yonse. Kwa magetsi odzipatula odana ndi aggressive, MOS idzawonongeka. Chodabwitsa ndikusungira, chip, ndi machubu a MOS amawotchedwa. Tsopano magetsi oyendetsedwa ndi LED ndi oipa panthawi yogwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo oposa 80% ndizochitika ziwiri zofanana. Kuphatikiza apo, mphamvu yamagetsi yaying'ono, ngakhale ndi adapter yamagetsi, nthawi zambiri imawonongeka ndi chodabwitsa ichi, chomwe chimayamba chifukwa cha voteji yamafunde, komanso mumagetsi a LED, ndizofala kwambiri. Izi ndichifukwa choti mawonekedwe amtundu wa LED amawopa kwambiri mafunde. Mphamvu yamagetsi.
Malinga ndi chiphunzitso ambiri, zigawo zochepa mu dera lamagetsi, ndipamwamba kudalirika, ndipo m'munsi kwambiri chigawo cha dera bolodi kudalirika. M'malo mwake, mabwalo osadzipatula amakhala ocheperako kuposa mabwalo odzipatula. N'chifukwa chiyani kudzipatula dera kudalirika kwambiri? M'malo mwake, sizodalirika, koma dera losadzipatula limakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kuwonjezereka, kulephera koletsa, komanso kudzipatula, chifukwa mphamvu imalowa mu thiransifoma poyamba, ndiyeno imatengera katundu wa LED kuchokera ku thiransifoma. Dera la buck ndi gawo lamagetsi olowera mwachindunji ku katundu wa LED. Chifukwa chake, choyambiriracho chimakhala ndi mwayi wamphamvu wowononga kuwonjezereka kwa kuponderezana ndi kufooketsa, kotero ndizochepa. Ndipotu, vuto la kusadzipatula makamaka chifukwa cha vuto la opaleshoni. Pakalipano, vuto ili ndiloti nyali za LED zokha zikhoza kuwonedwa kuchokera ku mwayi woti zitha kuwonedwa kuchokera ku mwayi. Choncho, anthu ambiri sanapereke njira yabwino yopewera. Anthu ambiri sadziwa kuti wave voltage ndi chiyani, anthu ambiri. Nyali za LED zasweka, ndipo chifukwa chake sichipezeka. Pamapeto pake, pali chiganizo chimodzi chokha. Zomwe magetsi awa ndi osakhazikika ndipo zidzathetsedwa. Kodi kusakhazikika kwake kuli kuti, iye sadziwa.
Mphamvu zopanda kudzipatula ndizochita bwino, ndipo chachiwiri ndikuti mtengo wake ndiwopindulitsa kwambiri.
Mphamvu zopanda kudzipatula ndizoyenera nthawi zina: Choyamba, ndi nyali zamkati. Malo amagetsi a m'nyumbawa ndi abwino ndipo mphamvu ya mafunde ndi yaying'ono. Chachiwiri, nthawi ntchito ndi yaing'ono - voteji ndi yaing'ono panopa. Non -kudzipatula si watanthauzo kwa otsika-voteji mafunde, chifukwa dzuwa otsika -voteji ndi lalikulu mafunde si apamwamba kuposa kudzipatula, ndipo mtengo ndi zochepa kuposa zambiri. Chachitatu, magetsi osadzipatula amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamalo okhazikika. Zachidziwikire, ngati pali njira yothetsera vuto la kupondereza kuwonjezereka, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zopanda kudzipatula kudzakulitsidwa kwambiri!
Chifukwa cha vuto la mafunde, kuchuluka kwa zowonongeka sikuyenera kuchepetsedwa. Nthawi zambiri, mtundu wa kubwerera kokonzedwa, inshuwaransi yowononga, chip, ndi yoyamba ya MOS iyenera kuganizira za vuto la mafunde. Kuti muchepetse chiwopsezo chowonongeka, ndikofunikira kuganizira zomwe zikuwonjezedwa popanga, kapena kusiya ogwiritsa ntchito mukagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndikuyesera kupewa kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi. (Monga nyali za m'nyumba, zimitsani nthawi yomwe mukumenyana)
Mwachidule, kugwiritsa ntchito kudzipatula komanso kusadzipatula nthawi zambiri kumakhala chifukwa cha vuto la kuphulika kwa mafunde, ndipo vuto la mafunde ndi chilengedwe cha magetsi chimagwirizana kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, nthawi zambiri kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zodzipatula komanso magetsi osadzipatula sikungadulidwe chimodzi ndi chimodzi. Mtengo ndi wopindulitsa kwambiri, choncho m'pofunika kusankha sanali kudzipatula kapena kudzipatula monga LED -pagalimoto magetsi.
5. Mwachidule
Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza kusiyana pakati pa mphamvu zodzipatula ndi zopanda kudzipatula, komanso ubwino ndi zovuta zawo, nthawi zosinthika, ndi kusankha kusankha mphamvu zodzipatula. Ndikukhulupirira kuti mainjiniya atha kugwiritsa ntchito izi ngati chiwongolero pakupanga kwazinthu. Ndipo mankhwala akalephera, mwamsanga ikani vutolo.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jul-08-2023
