Phunzirani mabwalo awiriwa, kapangidwe ka PCB sikovuta!

Chifukwa chiyani muyenera kuphunzira kapangidwe ka dera lamagetsi

Dongosolo lamagetsi ndi gawo lofunikira pamagetsi amagetsi, mapangidwe amagetsi amagetsi amagwirizana mwachindunji ndi magwiridwe antchito.

Kugawika kwa mabwalo operekera mphamvu

Mabwalo amagetsi azinthu zathu zamagetsi makamaka amaphatikiza magetsi oyendera mizere ndi magetsi osinthira pafupipafupi. Mwachidziwitso, mphamvu zamagetsi zofananira ndi kuchuluka kwazomwe wogwiritsa ntchito akufunikira, zomwe zimaperekedwa zimapatsa kuchuluka kwamakono; Kusintha magetsi ndi kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zomwe wogwiritsa ntchito amafunikira, komanso mphamvu zomwe zimaperekedwa pamapeto olowera.

Chithunzi chojambula cha mzere wamagetsi amagetsi

Zida zamagetsi zamagetsi zimagwira ntchito motsatira mzere, monga tchipisi tathu tomwe timagwiritsa ntchito magetsi LM7805, LM317, SPX1117 ndi zina zotero. Chithunzi 1 pansipa ndi chithunzi cha LM7805 yoyendetsedwa ndi magetsi.

Chithunzi 1 Schematic chithunzi cha linear magetsi

Zitha kuwoneka kuchokera pachithunzichi kuti magetsi oyendera mzere amapangidwa ndi zigawo zogwira ntchito monga kukonzanso, kusefa, kulamulira kwamagetsi ndi kusungirako mphamvu. Pa nthawi yomweyo, ambiri liniya magetsi ndi mndandanda voteji malamulo magetsi, linanena bungwe panopa ndi wofanana athandizira panopa, I1 = I2 + I3, I3 ndiye tchulani mapeto, panopa ndi kochepa kwambiri, kotero I1≈I3. N'chifukwa chiyani tikufuna kulankhula za panopa, chifukwa PCB mapangidwe, m'lifupi mwa mzere uliwonse si mwachisawawa anaika, ndi kutsimikiza malinga ndi kukula kwa panopa pakati mfundo mu schematic. Kukula komwe kulipo komanso kuyenda kwapano kuyenera kumveka bwino kuti bolodi likhale loyenera. 

Linear power supply PCB chithunzi

Popanga PCB, mapangidwe a zigawozo ayenera kukhala ophatikizika, zolumikizira zonse ziyenera kukhala zazifupi momwe zingathere, ndipo zigawo ndi mizere ziyenera kuikidwa molingana ndi mgwirizano wogwira ntchito wa zigawo za schematic. Chiwonetsero chamagetsi ichi ndikukonzanso koyamba, kenako kusefa, kusefa ndikuwongolera voteji, kuwongolera voteji ndi capacitor yosungira mphamvu, itatha kudutsa capacitor kupita kumagetsi otsatirawa.

Chithunzi 2 ndi chithunzi cha PCB chazomwe zili pamwambapa, ndipo zithunzi ziwirizi ndizofanana. Chithunzi chakumanzere ndi chithunzi chabwino ndi chosiyana pang'ono, mphamvu yamagetsi mu chithunzi chakumanzere ndi yolunjika ku phazi lothandizira la chipangizo chamagetsi chowongolera pambuyo pokonzanso, ndiyeno voteji regulator capacitor, kumene kusefa kwa capacitor kumakhala koipa kwambiri, ndipo zotsatira zake zimakhalanso zovuta. Chithunzi chakumanja ndi chabwino. Sitiyenera kungoganizira za kuyenda kwa vuto lamagetsi abwino, komanso tiyenera kuganizira za vuto la kubwereranso, makamaka, mzere wamagetsi wabwino ndi mzere wobwereranso pansi uyenera kukhala pafupi ndi wina ndi mzake.

Chithunzi 2 PCB chithunzi cha linear magetsi

Pamene kupanga liniya mphamvu kotunga PCB, tiyeneranso kulabadira vuto kutentha kuwonongeka kwa mphamvu yang'anira mphamvu Chip cha liniya magetsi, mmene kutentha akubwera, ngati voteji woyang'anira Chip kutsogolo mapeto ndi 10V, mapeto linanena bungwe ndi 5V, ndi linanena bungwe panopa ndi 500mA, ndiye pali 5V voteji dontho pa chipangizo chowongolera ndi 2W; Ngati magetsi olowera ndi 15V, dontho la voteji ndi 10V, ndipo kutentha komwe kumapangidwa ndi 5W, motero, tifunika kuyika pambali malo okwanira kutentha kapena kutentha koyenera molingana ndi mphamvu yotulutsa kutentha. Mphamvu zamagetsi zama linear nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pomwe kusiyana kwamphamvu kumakhala kochepa komanso komweko kumakhala kochepa, apo ayi, chonde gwiritsani ntchito makina osinthira magetsi.

Mkulu pafupipafupi kusintha magetsi dera schematic chitsanzo

Kusintha magetsi ndiko kugwiritsa ntchito dera kuwongolera chubu chosinthira kuthamanga kwambiri ndikuzimitsa, kupanga mawonekedwe a PWM, kudzera pa inductor ndi diode yopitilirapo, kugwiritsa ntchito kutembenuka kwamagetsi kwa njira yoyendetsera magetsi. Kusintha magetsi, kutentha kwakukulu, kutentha kochepa, timagwiritsa ntchito dera: LM2575, MC34063, SP6659 ndi zina zotero. Mwachidziwitso, mphamvu yosinthira imakhala yofanana kumapeto onse a dera, voteji ndi yosiyana, ndipo panopa ndi yosiyana.

Chithunzi 3 Chithunzi cha Schematic cha LM2575 switching power supply circuit

Chithunzi cha PCB chosinthira magetsi

Popanga PCB ya magetsi osinthira, ndikofunikira kulabadira: malo olowera pamzere wa mayankho ndi diode yopitilira apo ndi omwe amaperekedwa nthawi zonse. Monga tikuwonera pa Chithunzi 3, U1 ikayatsidwa, I2 yapano imalowa mu inductor L1. Chikhalidwe cha inductor ndi chakuti pamene panopa ikuyenda kupyolera mu inductor, sichikhoza kupangidwa mwadzidzidzi, komanso sichikhoza kutha mwadzidzidzi. Kusintha kwapano mu inductor kumakhala ndi nthawi. Pansi pa pulsed panopa I2 ikuyenda kudzera inductance, ena mwa mphamvu ya magetsi amasandulika kukhala mphamvu ya maginito, ndipo panopa pang'onopang'ono kumawonjezeka, panthawi inayake, ulamuliro dera U1 kuzimitsa I2, chifukwa cha makhalidwe a inductance, panopa sangathe mwadzidzidzi kutha, pa nthawi ino diode ntchito, izo zimatenga pa I2 panopa, choncho amatchedwa mosalekeza ntchito pakali pano diode. inductance. I3 yosalekeza yamakono imayambira kumapeto kwa C3 ndipo imayenda kumapeto kwa C3 kupyolera mu D1 ndi L1, yomwe ili yofanana ndi mpope, pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya inductor kuti iwonjezere mphamvu ya capacitor C3. Palinso vuto la malo olowera pamzere wa mayankho ozindikira ma voltage, omwe amayenera kubwezeredwa pamalowo atatha kusefa, apo ayi mphamvu yotulutsa mphamvu idzakhala yayikulu. Mfundo ziwirizi nthawi zambiri zimanyalanyazidwa ndi ambiri opanga PCB athu, kuganiza kuti maukonde omwewo sali ofanana kumeneko, kwenikweni, malo sali ofanana, ndipo zotsatira zake zimakhala zabwino. Chithunzi 4 ndi chithunzi cha PCB cha LM2575 switching power supply. Tiyeni tiwone chomwe chalakwika ndi chithunzi cholakwika.

Chithunzi cha 4 PCB cha LM2575 switching power supply

N'chifukwa chiyani tikufuna kulankhula za mfundo schematic mwatsatanetsatane, chifukwa schematic lili zambiri PCB zambiri, monga kupeza malo a chigawo pini, kukula panopa maukonde mfundo, etc., onani schematic, PCB kapangidwe si vuto. Mabwalo a LM7805 ndi LM2575 amayimira mawonekedwe ozungulira amagetsi amzere ndikusintha magetsi, motsatana. Popanga PCBS, masanjidwe ndi mawaya azithunzi ziwirizi za PCB zili mwachindunji pamzere, koma zinthuzo ndizosiyana ndipo gulu ladera ndi losiyana, lomwe limasinthidwa malinga ndi momwe zinthu zilili.

Zosintha zonse ndizosalekanitsidwa, kotero mfundo ya dera lamagetsi ndi momwe bolodi ilili, ndipo chilichonse chopangidwa ndi magetsi sichingasiyanitsidwe ndi magetsi ndi dera lake, choncho, phunzirani maulendo awiri, winayo amamvekanso.