Phunzirani mabwalo awiriwa, kapangidwe ka PCB sikovuta!

Chifukwa chiyani muyenera kuphunzira kapangidwe ka magetsi

Dongosolo lamagetsi ndi gawo lofunikira pamagetsi amagetsi, mapangidwe amagetsi amagetsi amagwirizana mwachindunji ndi magwiridwe antchito.

Kugawika kwa mabwalo operekera mphamvu

Mabwalo amagetsi azinthu zathu zamagetsi makamaka amaphatikiza magetsi oyendera mizere ndi magetsi osinthira pafupipafupi. Mwachidziwitso, mphamvu zamagetsi zofananira ndi kuchuluka kwazomwe wogwiritsa ntchito akufunikira, zomwe zimaperekedwa zimapatsa kuchuluka kwamakono; Kusintha magetsi ndi kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zomwe wogwiritsa ntchito amafunikira, komanso mphamvu zomwe zimaperekedwa pamapeto olowera.

Chithunzi chojambula cha mzere wamagetsi amagetsi

Zida zamagetsi zamagetsi zimagwira ntchito motsatira mzere, monga tchipisi tathu tomwe timagwiritsa ntchito magetsi LM7805, LM317, SPX1117 ndi zina zotero. Chithunzi 1 pansipa ndi chithunzi cha LM7805 yoyendetsedwa ndi magetsi.

Chithunzi 1 Schematic chithunzi cha linear magetsi

Zitha kuwoneka kuchokera pachithunzichi kuti magetsi oyendera mzere amapangidwa ndi zigawo zogwira ntchito monga kukonzanso, kusefa, kulamulira kwamagetsi ndi kusungirako mphamvu. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, magetsi amtundu wamtundu uliwonse ndi magetsi oyendetsa magetsi, zomwe zimatuluka panopa ndizofanana ndi zomwe zilipo panopa, I1 = I2 + I3, I3 ndiye mapeto, zomwe zilipo ndizochepa kwambiri, kotero I1≈I3 . N'chifukwa chiyani tikufuna kulankhula za panopa, chifukwa PCB mapangidwe, m'lifupi mwa mzere uliwonse si mwachisawawa anaika, ndi kutsimikiza malinga ndi kukula kwa panopa pakati mfundo mu schematic. Kukula komwe kulipo komanso kuyenda kwapano kuyenera kumveka bwino kuti bolodi likhale loyenera. 

Linear power supply PCB chithunzi

Popanga PCB, mapangidwe a zigawozo ayenera kukhala ophatikizika, zolumikizira zonse ziyenera kukhala zazifupi momwe zingathere, ndipo zigawo ndi mizere ziyenera kuikidwa molingana ndi mgwirizano wogwira ntchito wa zigawo za schematic. Chiwonetsero chamagetsi ichi ndikukonzanso koyamba, kenako kusefa, kusefa ndikuwongolera voteji, kuwongolera voteji ndi capacitor yosungira mphamvu, itatha kudutsa capacitor kupita kumagetsi otsatirawa.

Chithunzi 2 ndi chithunzi cha PCB chazomwe zili pamwambapa, ndipo zithunzi ziwirizi ndizofanana. Chithunzi chakumanzere ndi chithunzi chakumanja ndizosiyana pang'ono, mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe ili pachithunzi chakumanzere imalunjika ku phazi lolowera cha chipangizo chamagetsi chowongolera pambuyo pokonzanso, ndiyeno chowongolera voteji capacitor, pomwe kusefa kwa capacitor kumakhala koyipa kwambiri. , ndipo zotsatira zake zimakhalanso zovuta. Chithunzi chakumanja ndi chabwino. Sitiyenera kungoganizira za kuyenda kwa vuto lamagetsi abwino, komanso tiyenera kuganizira za vuto la kubwereranso, makamaka, mzere wamagetsi wabwino ndi mzere wobwereranso pansi uyenera kukhala pafupi ndi wina ndi mzake.

Chithunzi 2 PCB chithunzi cha linear magetsi

Pamene akukonzekera liniya mphamvu kotunga PCB, tiyeneranso kulabadira vuto kutentha kuwonongeka kwa mphamvu yang'anira Chip cha liniya magetsi, mmene kutentha kubwera, ngati voteji woyang'anira Chip kutsogolo mapeto ndi 10V, mapeto linanena bungwe ndi 5V, ndipo kutulutsa kwaposachedwa ndi 500mA, ndiye pali kutsika kwamagetsi kwa 5V pa chip chowongolera, ndipo kutentha komwe kumapangidwa ndi 2.5W; Ngati magetsi olowera ndi 15V, dontho la voteji ndi 10V, ndipo kutentha komwe kumapangidwa ndi 5W, motero, tifunika kuyika pambali malo okwanira kutentha kapena kutentha koyenera molingana ndi mphamvu yotulutsa kutentha. Mphamvu zamagetsi zama linear nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pomwe kusiyana kwamphamvu kumakhala kochepa komanso komweko kumakhala kochepa, apo ayi, chonde gwiritsani ntchito makina osinthira magetsi.

Mkulu pafupipafupi kusintha magetsi dera schematic chitsanzo

Kusintha magetsi ndiko kugwiritsa ntchito dera kuwongolera chubu chosinthira kuthamanga kwambiri ndikuzimitsa, kupanga mawonekedwe a PWM, kudzera pa inductor ndi diode yopitilirapo, kugwiritsa ntchito kutembenuka kwamagetsi kwa njira yoyendetsera magetsi. Kusintha magetsi, kutentha kwakukulu, kutentha kochepa, timagwiritsa ntchito dera: LM2575, MC34063, SP6659 ndi zina zotero. Mwachidziwitso, mphamvu yosinthira imakhala yofanana kumapeto onse a dera, voteji ndi yosiyana, ndipo panopa ndi yosiyana.

Chithunzi 3 Chithunzi cha Schematic cha LM2575 switching power supply circuit

Chithunzi cha PCB chosinthira magetsi

Popanga PCB ya magetsi osinthira, ndikofunikira kulabadira: malo olowera pamzere wa mayankho ndi diode yopitilira apo ndi omwe amaperekedwa nthawi zonse. Monga tikuwonera pa Chithunzi 3, U1 ikayatsidwa, I2 yapano imalowa mu inductor L1. Chikhalidwe cha inductor ndi chakuti pamene panopa ikuyenda kupyolera mu inductor, sichikhoza kupangidwa mwadzidzidzi, komanso sichikhoza kutha mwadzidzidzi. Kusintha kwapano mu inductor kumakhala ndi nthawi. Pansi pa mphamvu ya pulsed current I2 yomwe ikuyenda kudzera mu inductance, mphamvu zina zamagetsi zimasinthidwa kukhala mphamvu ya maginito, ndipo zamakono zimawonjezeka pang'onopang'ono, panthawi inayake, dera lolamulira U1 lizimitsa I2, chifukwa cha mawonekedwe a inductance, zamakono sizingathe kutha mwadzidzidzi, panthawiyi diode ikugwira ntchito, imatenga I2 yamakono, choncho imatchedwa diode yopitilirapo, zikhoza kuwoneka kuti diode yopitilirapo imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa inductance. I3 yosalekeza yamakono imayambira kumapeto kwa C3 ndipo imayenda kumapeto kwa C3 kupyolera mu D1 ndi L1, yomwe ili yofanana ndi mpope, pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya inductor kuti iwonjezere mphamvu ya capacitor C3. Palinso vuto la malo olowera pamzere wa mayankho ozindikira ma voltage, omwe amayenera kubwezeredwa pamalowo atatha kusefa, apo ayi mphamvu yotulutsa mphamvu idzakhala yayikulu. Mfundo ziwirizi nthawi zambiri zimanyalanyazidwa ndi ambiri opanga PCB athu, kuganiza kuti maukonde omwewo sali ofanana kumeneko, kwenikweni, malo sali ofanana, ndipo zotsatira zake zimakhala zabwino. Chithunzi 4 ndi chithunzi cha PCB cha LM2575 switching power supply. Tiyeni tiwone chomwe cholakwika ndi chithunzi cholakwika.

Chithunzi cha 4 PCB cha LM2575 switching power supply

N'chifukwa chiyani tikufuna kulankhula za mfundo schematic mwatsatanetsatane, chifukwa schematic lili zambiri PCB zambiri, monga malo mwayi wa chigawo pini, kukula panopa maukonde mfundo, etc., onani schematic, PCB kapangidwe si vuto. Mabwalo a LM7805 ndi LM2575 amayimira mawonekedwe ozungulira amagetsi amzere ndikusintha magetsi, motsatana. Popanga PCBS, masanjidwe ndi mawaya azithunzi ziwirizi za PCB zili mwachindunji pamzere, koma zinthuzo ndizosiyana ndipo gulu ladera ndi losiyana, lomwe limasinthidwa malinga ndi momwe zinthu zilili.

Zosintha zonse ndizosalekanitsidwa, kotero mfundo ya dera lamagetsi ndi momwe bolodi ilili, ndipo chilichonse chopangidwa ndi magetsi sichingasiyanitsidwe ndi magetsi ndi dera lake, choncho, phunzirani maulendo awiri, winayo amamvekanso.