Ma projekiti ambiri a injiniya wa hardware amatsirizidwa pa bolodi la dzenje, koma pali chodabwitsa cha kugwirizanitsa mwangozi ma terminals abwino ndi oipa a magetsi, omwe amatsogolera ku zigawo zambiri zamagetsi zomwe zimayaka, ndipo ngakhale bolodi lonse likuwonongedwa, ndipo liyenera kutenthedwa kachiwiri, sindikudziwa njira yabwino yothetsera vutoli?
Choyamba, kusasamala sikungalephereke, ngakhale kuti ndiko kusiyanitsa zabwino ndi zoipa mawaya awiri, wofiira ndi wakuda, akhoza kulumikizidwa kamodzi, sitidzalakwitsa; Kulumikizana khumi sikulakwika, koma 1,000? Nanga bwanji 10,000? Pa nthawi imeneyi n'zovuta kunena, chifukwa cha kusasamala wathu, kutsogolera zigawo zina pakompyuta ndi tchipisi kuwotchedwa, chifukwa chachikulu n'chakuti panopa kwambiri zigawo kazembe ndi wosweka, choncho tiyenera kuchitapo kanthu kupewa kugwirizana n'zosiyana.
Pali njira zotsatirazi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri:
01 diode mndandanda wa anti-reverse chitetezo dera
Diode yakutsogolo imalumikizidwa motsatizana ndikuyika mphamvu yabwino kuti igwiritse ntchito mokwanira mawonekedwe a diode oyendetsa kutsogolo ndi reverse cutoff. Munthawi yanthawi zonse, chubu chachiwiri chimayendetsa ndipo komiti yoyang'anira dera imagwira ntchito.
Pamene magetsi asinthidwa, diode imadulidwa, magetsi sangathe kupanga chipika, ndipo bolodi la dera silikugwira ntchito, zomwe zingathetsere bwino vuto la magetsi.
02 Rectifier bridge type anti-reverse protection circuit
Gwiritsani ntchito mlatho wokonzanso kuti musinthe zolowetsa mphamvu kuti zikhale zopanda polar, kaya magetsi alumikizidwa kapena asinthidwa, bolodi imagwira ntchito bwino.
Ngati silicon diode ili ndi kutsika kwamphamvu kwa pafupifupi 0.6 ~ 0.8V, diode ya germanium imakhalanso ndi kutsika kwapakati pafupifupi 0.2 ~ 0.4V, ngati kutsika kwapakati kuli kwakukulu kwambiri, chubu cha MOS chingagwiritsidwe ntchito pochiza anti-reaction, kutsika kwachitsulo kwa chubu cha MOS kumakhala kochepa kwambiri, mpaka ma milliohm ochepa, ndipo kutsika kwapakati kumakhala kocheperapo.
03 MOS chubu anti-reverse chitetezo dera
MOS chubu chifukwa ndondomeko kusintha, katundu wake ndi zinthu zina, kuchititsa ake kukana mkati ndi yaing'ono, ambiri ndi milliohm mlingo, kapena ang'onoang'ono, kotero kuti dera voteji dontho, kutayika mphamvu chifukwa cha dera makamaka yaing'ono, kapena ngakhale negligible, kotero kusankha MOS chubu kuteteza dera ndi njira analimbikitsa kwambiri.
1) Chitetezo cha NMOS
Monga momwe tawonetsera pansipa: Panthawi yoyatsa mphamvu, diode ya parasitic ya chubu ya MOS imayatsidwa, ndipo dongosolo limapanga loop. Kuthekera kwa gwero la S kuli pafupifupi 0.6V, pomwe kuthekera kwa chipata G ndi Vbat. Mphamvu yotsegula ya chubu ya MOS ndi yochuluka kwambiri: Ugs = Vbat-Vs, chipata ndichokwera, ma ds a NMOS ali, diode ya parasitic ndi yochepa, ndipo dongosolo limapanga chipika kupyolera mu ds kupeza NMOS.
Ngati magetsi asinthidwa, pa-voltage ya NMOS ndi 0, NMOS imadulidwa, diode ya parasitic imasinthidwa, ndipo dera limachotsedwa, motero kupanga chitetezo.
2) Chitetezo cha PMOS
Monga momwe tawonetsera pansipa: Panthawi yoyatsa mphamvu, diode ya parasitic ya chubu ya MOS imayatsidwa, ndipo dongosolo limapanga loop. Kuthekera kwa gwero la S kuli pafupi ndi Vbat-0.6V, pamene kuthekera kwa chipata G ndi 0. Kutsegula kwa magetsi a MOS chubu ndipamwamba kwambiri: Ugs = 0 - (Vbat-0.6), chipata chimachita ngati mlingo wochepa, ma ds a PMOS ali, diode ya parasitic ndi yochepa, ndipo dongosolo limapanga chipika cha PMOS.
Ngati magetsi asinthidwa, pa-voltage ya NMOS ndi yaikulu kuposa 0, PMOS imadulidwa, diode ya parasitic imasinthidwa, ndipo dera limachotsedwa, motero kupanga chitetezo.
Chidziwitso: NMOS machubu zingwe ds ku negative elekitirodi, PMOS chubu chingwe ds ds zabwino elekitirodi, ndi parasitic diode mayendedwe ndi kulunjika kumene kulumikizidwa molondola.
Kufikira kwa mitengo ya D ndi S ya chubu cha MOS: nthawi zambiri chubu cha MOS chokhala ndi njira ya N chikagwiritsidwa ntchito, chapano nthawi zambiri chimalowa kuchokera pamtengo wa D ndikutuluka pamtengo wa S, ndipo PMOS imalowa ndikutuluka D kuchoka pa S pole, ndipo zosiyana ndi zowona zikagwiritsidwa ntchito muderali, mphamvu yamagetsi ya chubu ya MOS imakwaniritsidwa kudzera mumayendedwe a parasitic diode.
Chubu cha MOS chidzayatsidwa mokwanira bola ngati magetsi oyenera akhazikitsidwa pakati pa mitengo ya G ndi S. Pambuyo pakuchita, zimakhala ngati chosinthira chatsekedwa pakati pa D ndi S, ndipo chapano ndikukana komweko kuchokera ku D kupita ku S kapena S kupita ku D.
Pakugwiritsa ntchito, G pole nthawi zambiri imalumikizidwa ndi chopinga, ndipo pofuna kuteteza chubu la MOS kuti lisawonongeke, diode yowongolera magetsi imatha kuwonjezeredwa. Capacitor yolumikizidwa molumikizana ndi chogawa imakhala ndi zoyambira zofewa. Panthawi yomwe panopa ikuyamba kuyenda, capacitor imayendetsedwa ndipo mphamvu ya G pole imamangidwa pang'onopang'ono.
Kwa PMOS, poyerekeza ndi NOMS, Vgs imayenera kukhala yayikulu kuposa mphamvu yamagetsi. Chifukwa magetsi otsegulira amatha kukhala 0, kusiyana kwapakati pakati pa DS sikuli kwakukulu, komwe kuli kopindulitsa kuposa NMOS.
04 Chitetezo cha fuse
Zambiri zamagetsi zamagetsi zimatha kuwoneka mutatha kutsegula gawo lamagetsi ndi fuseji, mumagetsi amasinthidwa, pali dera lalifupi m'derali chifukwa chamakono akuluakulu, ndiyeno fuyusiyo imawombedwa, imagwira ntchito poteteza dera, koma njira iyi kukonzanso ndi kubwezeretsa kumakhala kovuta kwambiri.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jul-08-2023
