Sungani ma waya awa a PCB mu malingaliro Chithunzi Chowonetsedwa

Sungani ma waya a PCB mu malingaliro

Kufotokozera Kwachidule:

Tsatanetsatane wa Zamalonda

Zolemba Zamalonda

Mafotokozedwe Akatundu:

1. Zochita zonse

Pamapangidwe a PCB, kuti apange mawonekedwe apamwamba ozungulira ma frequency board kukhala omveka bwino, magwiridwe antchito oletsa kusokoneza, akuyenera kuganiziridwa kuchokera kuzinthu izi:

(1) Kusankhidwa koyenera kwa zigawo Poyendetsa matabwa apamwamba-pafupipafupi mu mapangidwe a PCB, ndege yamkati yomwe ili pakati imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mphamvu ndi nthaka wosanjikiza, yomwe ingathe kugwira ntchito yoteteza, kuchepetsa kuchepetsa kutsekemera kwa parasitic, kufupikitsa kutalika kwa mizere yolumikizira, ndikuchepetsa kusokoneza pakati pa ma siginecha.

(2) Njira yoyendetsera Njira yoyendetsera njira iyenera kukhala yogwirizana ndi 45 ° Kutembenuka kwa Angle kapena kutembenuka kwa arc, komwe kungathe kuchepetsa kutulutsa kwa ma frequency apamwamba komanso kulumikizana.

(3) Kutalika kwa chingwe Kufupikitsa kwa chingwe kutalika, ndibwino.Kufupikitsa mtunda wofanana pakati pa mawaya awiri, ndibwino.

(4) Chiwerengero cha mabowo Kuchepa kwa mabowo, kumakhala bwino.

(5) Kuwongolera kwa waya wa interlayer Kuwongolera kwa waya wa interlayer kuyenera kukhala kolunjika, ndiko kuti, pamwamba pake ndi yopingasa, pansi pake ndi yowongoka, kuti achepetse kusokoneza pakati pa zizindikiro.

(6) Kupaka kwa mkuwa kumawonjezera kuyika kwa mkuwa kumatha kuchepetsa kusokoneza pakati pazizindikiro.

(7) Kuphatikizika kwa mzere wofunikira wowongolera mzere, kumatha kusintha kwambiri mphamvu yotsutsa kusokoneza kwa chizindikiro, ndithudi, kungakhalenso kuphatikizika kwa gwero losokoneza, kotero kuti silingasokoneze zizindikiro zina.

(8) Zingwe za siginecha sizimayendetsa zingwe mu malupu.Zizindikiro za njira mu Daisy chain mode.

2. Wiring patsogolo

Chofunika kwambiri pa mzere wa chizindikiro: chizindikiro chaching'ono cha analogi, siginecha yothamanga kwambiri, chizindikiro cha wotchi ndi chizindikiro cholumikizira ndi mawaya ena ofunika kwambiri.

Mfundo yoyamba ya kachulukidwe: Yambitsani mawaya kuchokera pamalumikizidwe ovuta kwambiri pa bolodi.Yambitsani mawaya kuchokera pamalo omwe ali ndi mawaya ambiri pa bolodi

Zoyenera kudziwa:

A. Yesani kupereka chingwe chapadera cha ma siginoloji ofunikira monga ma siginecha a wotchi, ma siginecha othamanga kwambiri ndi ma siginecha achinsinsi, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti pali malo ocheperako.Ngati ndi kotheka, mawaya apamwamba pamanja, kutchingira ndi kukulitsa malo otetezedwa akuyenera kutsatiridwa.Onetsetsani mtundu wa chizindikiro.

b.Malo a EMC pakati pa gawo la mphamvu ndi nthaka ndi osauka, kotero ma sign omwe amakhudzidwa ndi kusokonezedwa ayenera kupewedwa.

c.Maukonde omwe ali ndi zofunikira zowongolera zowongolera ayenera kukhala ndi mawaya momwe angathere malinga ndi kutalika kwa mzere ndi zofunikira za m'lifupi mwake.

3, waya wotchi

Mzere wa wotchi ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu zomwe zimakhudza EMC.Pangani mabowo ochepa pa mzere wa wotchi, pewani kuyenda ndi mizere ina yolumikizira momwe mungathere, ndipo khalani kutali ndi mizere yama siginecha kuti mupewe kusokoneza mizere yolumikizira.Panthawi imodzimodziyo, magetsi pa bolodi ayenera kupewedwa kuti ateteze kusokoneza pakati pa magetsi ndi wotchi.

Ngati pa bolodi pali chotchipa chapadera cha wotchi, sichingapite pansi pa mzere, chiyenera kuikidwa pansi pa mkuwa, ngati n'koyenera, chingakhalenso chapadera kudziko lake.Kwa ambiri chip reference crystal oscillator, oscillator wa kristalo awa sayenera kukhala pansi pa mzere, kuyika kudzipatula kwa mkuwa.

4. Mzere pa ngodya zolondola

Ma waya olowera kumanja nthawi zambiri amayenera kupewa zomwe zili mu mawaya a PCB, ndipo pafupifupi yakhala imodzi mwamiyezo yoyezera mtundu wa ma waya, ndiye kodi ma waya olowera kumanja angakhudze bwanji pakutumiza ma siginecha?M'malo mwake, njira yolowera kumanja ipangitsa kuti kukula kwa mzere wopatsirako kusinthe, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti impedans isapitirire.M'malo mwake, osati kungoyenda bwino kwa Angle, matani Angle, kuwongolera kwapang'onopang'ono kungayambitse kusintha kwapang'onopang'ono.

Chikoka cha njira yolowera kumanja pa sigino imawonekera makamaka m'magawo atatu:

Choyamba, ngodya ikhoza kukhala yofanana ndi capacitive katundu pa mzere wotumizira, kuchepetsa nthawi yowuka;

Chachiwiri, kuleka kwa impedance kumayambitsa kuwonetsera kwa siginecha;

Chachitatu, EMI yopangidwa ndi nsonga yolondola ya Angle.

5. Acute Angle

(1) Kwa ma frequency apamwamba kwambiri, pomwe waya wokhotakhota umapereka Angle yakumanja kapenanso Angle pachimake, pafupi ndi ngodya, kachulukidwe ka maginito ndi mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi ndizokwera kwambiri, ma radiation amphamvu a electromagnetic wave, ndi inductance. apa kudzakhala kwakukulu, chochititsa chidwi chidzakhala chachikulu kuposa ngodya ya obtuse kapena yozungulira.

(2) Kwa waya wamabasi a dera la digito, ngodya ya waya ndi obtuse kapena yozungulira, dera la wiring ndi laling'ono.Pansi pa mizere yomweyi, mizere yonse italikirana imatenga kuchepera 0.3 m'lifupi kuposa kutembenukira ku ngodya yoyenera.

6. Njira zosiyana

cf.Wiring wosiyanasiyana ndi kufananiza kwa impedance

Differential Signal imagwiritsidwa ntchito mochulukira popanga mabwalo othamanga kwambiri, chifukwa ma siginecha ofunikira kwambiri m'mabwalo amagwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana.Tanthauzo: M’Chingerezi chomveka bwino, zikutanthauza kuti dalaivala amatumiza zizindikiro ziwiri zofanana, zokhotakhota, ndipo wolandira amaona ngati mkhalidwe womveka uli “0” kapena “1” poyerekezera kusiyana pakati pa ma voltages awiriwo.Awiri omwe amanyamula chizindikiro chosiyana amatchedwa njira yosiyana.

Poyerekeza ndi njira wamba yokhala ndi malekezero amodzi, ma siginecha osiyanitsa amakhala ndi maubwino odziwikiratu muzinthu zitatu izi:

a.Mphamvu yolimbana ndi kusokoneza, chifukwa kugwirizana pakati pa mawaya awiri osiyana ndi abwino kwambiri, pamene phokoso likusokoneza kuchokera kunja, limakhala logwirizana ndi mizere iwiri nthawi imodzi, ndipo wolandira amangoganizira za kusiyana pakati pa zizindikiro ziwiri, kotero wamba mode phokoso kuchokera kunja akhoza kwathunthu kuthetsedwa.

b.imatha kuletsa bwino EMI.Momwemonso, chifukwa polarity ya ma siginecha awiri ndi yosiyana, ma elekitiromagineti omwe amawunikiridwa ndi iwo amatha kuletsana.Kuyandikira kwa kugwirizanako, mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi yocheperako imatulutsidwa kudziko lakunja.

c.Kuyika nthawi yolondola.Popeza kusintha kosinthika kwa ma siginecha amasiyanitsidwa kumakhala pamphambano za ma siginecha awiri, mosiyana ndi ma siginecha wamba omwe amadalira magetsi okwera ndi otsika, mphamvu ya ukadaulo ndi kutentha ndizochepa, zomwe zimatha kuchepetsa zolakwika pakusunga nthawi komanso zambiri. oyenera mabwalo ndi otsika matalikidwe zizindikiro.LVDS (kutsika kwa ma voliyumu otsika), komwe kuli kodziwika pakali pano, kumatanthawuza ukadaulo wawung'ono wa matalikidwe osiyanitsa.

Kwa mainjiniya a PCB, chofunikira kwambiri ndikuwonetsetsa kuti maubwino a njira zosiyanitsira atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mokwanira pamayendetsedwe enieni.Mwina bola ngati kulumikizana ndi Layout anthu amvetsetsa zomwe zimafunikira pakusiyanitsa, ndiye kuti, "utali wofanana, mtunda wofanana".

Kutalika kofanana ndikuwonetsetsa kuti zizindikiro ziwiri zosiyana zimasunga polarity nthawi zonse ndikuchepetsa gawo lofanana.Equidistance makamaka ndikuwonetsetsa kuti kusiyanako kumakhala kofanana ndikuchepetsa kusinkhasinkha."Kuyandikira momwe ndingathere" nthawi zina kumakhala kofunikira pamayendedwe osiyanasiyana.

7. Mzere wa njoka

Mzere wa Serpentine ndi mtundu wa Mawonekedwe omwe nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga.Cholinga chake chachikulu ndikusintha kuchedwa ndikukwaniritsa zofunikira pakupanga nthawi yadongosolo.Chinthu choyamba okonza ayenera kuzindikira kuti mawaya ngati njoka akhoza kuwononga khalidwe chizindikiro ndi kusintha kuchedwa kufala, ndipo ayenera kupewa pamene mawaya.Komabe, pamapangidwe enieni, pofuna kutsimikizira nthawi yokwanira yogwira zizindikiro, kapena kuchepetsa nthawi yochepetsera pakati pa gulu lomwelo la zizindikiro, nthawi zambiri zimakhala zofunikira kuti muzitha mphepo mwadala.

Zoyenera kudziwa:

Ma awiriawiri a mizere yosiyana, nthawi zambiri mizere yofananira, pang'ono momwe ndingathere kudzera mudzenje, iyenera kukhomeredwa, ikhale mizere iwiri palimodzi, kuti akwaniritse zofananira.
Gulu la mabasi omwe ali ndi makhalidwe omwewo ayenera kuyendetsedwa mbali ndi mbali momwe angathere kuti akwaniritse utali wofanana.Bowo lomwe limachokera pa patch pad liri kutali kwambiri ndi pad momwe zingathere.