Kuperewera kwa chip ndi fake chip phenomenon kuchokera kumawonedwe a ogawa
Evertiq m'mbuyomu adasindikiza zolemba zingapo zomwe zikuyang'ana msika wapadziko lonse lapansi wa semiconductor malinga ndi momwe amagawa. Mndandandawu, malowa adafikira kwa omwe amagawa zida zamagetsi ndi akatswiri ogula kuti ayang'ane zakusowa kwa semiconductor komwe kulipo komanso zomwe akuchita kuti akwaniritse zomwe makasitomala amafuna. Nthawi ino adafunsa a Colin Strother, wachiwiri kwa purezidenti wamkulu wa Rochester Electronics, wokhala ku Massachusetts.
Q: Zinthu zopezeka pazigawozi zafika poipa kwambiri kuyambira mliriwu. Kodi mungafotokoze bwanji ntchito za chaka chatha?
Yankho: Mavuto azachuma azaka ziwiri zapitazi asokoneza kutsimikizika kwanthawi zonse. Kusokonekera pakupanga, mayendedwe komanso masoka achilengedwe panthawi ya mliri wadzetsa kusatsimikizika kwazinthu komanso nthawi yayitali yobweretsera. Pakhala chiwonjezeko cha 15% chazidziwitso zakutseka kwazinthu panthawi yomweyi, chifukwa chakusintha kwazomwe zimayikidwa patsogolo pamakampani omwe ali ndi gulu lachitatu komanso kukonzanso kwamakampani kuyika ndalama zamafakitale potengera kulamulira kwa mabatire otsika mphamvu. Pakalipano, kuchepa kwa msika wa semiconductor ndizochitika wamba.
Kuwunika kwa Rochester Electronics pakupereka kosalekeza kwa zida za semiconductor kumagwirizana bwino ndi zomwe opanga zida apanga. Ndife ovomerezeka 100% ndi opanga ma semiconductor opitilira 70 ndipo tili ndi zida zonse zomwe sizinapitirire komanso zosiyidwa. Kwenikweni, tili ndi kuthekera kothandizira makasitomala athu omwe akufunika panthawi yomwe ikuchulukirachulukira ndi kuchepa kwazinthu, ndipo ndizomwe tachita ndi zinthu zopitilira biliyoni zomwe zidatumizidwa chaka chatha.
Q: M'mbuyomu, panthawi ya kuchepa kwa zigawo, tawona kuwonjezeka kwa zigawo zachinyengo zomwe zikugunda pamsika. Kodi Rochester wachita chiyani kuti athetse izi?
A: Njira zoperekera katundu zikukumana ndi kukwera kwa kufunikira ndi zovuta zoperekera; Magawo onse amsika akhudzidwa, pomwe makasitomala ena akukumana ndi kukakamizidwa kwambiri kuti apereke ndikupita kumsika wa imvi kapena ogulitsa osaloledwa. Bizinesi yazinthu zachinyengo ndi yayikulu ndipo imagulitsidwa kudzera munjira zamsika za imvi ndipo pamapeto pake zimadutsa makasitomala omaliza. Nthawi ikafika pachimake ndipo chinthucho sichipezeka, chiopsezo cha kasitomala womaliza kukhala wovutitsidwa ndi chinyengo chimawonjezeka kwambiri. Inde, n'zotheka kutsimikizira kuti chinthucho ndi chowonadi poyesa ndi kuyang'anitsitsa, koma izi ndizowononga nthawi komanso zodula, ndipo nthawi zina, kutsimikizika sikunatsimikizidwebe kwathunthu.
Njira yokhayo yotsimikizira kuti ndi yowona ndikugula kuchokera kwa wogulitsa wovomerezeka kuti atsimikizire mtundu wa chinthucho. Ogulitsa ovomerezeka ngati ife amapereka njira zopanda ngozi ndipo ndi njira yokhayo yotetezeka yosungitsira makasitomala athu kuti azigwira ntchito panthawi yakusowa, kugawa komanso kutha kwa malonda.
Ngakhale kuti palibe amene amakonda kunyengedwa ndi zinthu zabodza, m'dziko la zigawo ndi zigawo zake, zotsatira za kugula zinthu zabodza zingakhale zoopsa. Ndizosautsa kuganiza za ndege zamalonda, zida zankhondo kapena zopulumutsa moyo zomwe zili ndi gawo lofunikira lomwe ndi lachinyengo komanso losagwira ntchito pamalopo, koma izi ndizomwe zimakhalapo, ndipo ziwonetserozo ndizokwera. Kugula kuchokera kwa wogulitsa wovomerezeka yemwe amagwira ntchito ndi wopanga chigawo choyambirira kumachotsa zoopsazi. Ogulitsa monga Rochester Electronics ali ndi chilolezo cha 100%, kusonyeza kuti akugwirizana ndi SAE aviation standard AS6496.
Mwachidule, amaloledwa ndi wopanga chigawo choyambirira kuti apereke zinthu zotsatiridwa komanso zotsimikizika popanda kufunikira kwa kuyesa kwabwino kapena kudalirika chifukwa zigawozo zimachokera kwa wopanga chigawo choyambirira.
Q: Ndi gulu liti lazinthu zomwe zakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kuchepa?
Yankho: Magulu awiri omwe akhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kusowa kwa ma suppliers ndi zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zonse (njira zambiri) ndi eni ake pomwe pali njira zina zochepa. Monga tchipisi chowongolera mphamvu ndi zida zowongolera mphamvu. Nthawi zambiri, zinthuzi zimachokera kuzinthu zingapo kapena zimakhala ndi makalata ogwirizana pakati pa ogulitsa osiyanasiyana. Komabe, chifukwa cha kufalikira kwawo m'mafakitale angapo komanso m'mafakitale angapo, kufunikira kwazinthu kwakhala kokulirapo, zomwe zikuvutitsa ogulitsa kuti akwaniritse zomwe akufuna.
Zogulitsa za MCU ndi MPU zikukumananso ndi zovuta zogulitsira, koma pazifukwa zina. Magulu awiriwa amakumana ndi zovuta zamapangidwe okhala ndi njira zina zochepa, ndipo ogulitsa amayang'anizana ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yazinthu kuti apange. Zipangizozi nthawi zambiri zimatengera pakatikati pa CPU, kukumbukira kophatikizidwa, ndi ntchito zotumphukira, komanso zofunikira pakuyika, komanso mapulogalamu ndi ma code, zingakhudzenso kutumiza. Nthawi zambiri, njira yabwino kwambiri kwa kasitomala ndi yakuti zinthuzo zikhale zofanana. Koma tawona zochitika zowopsa kwambiri pomwe makasitomala adakonzanso ma board kuti agwirizane ndi mapaketi osiyanasiyana kuti mizere yopangira ikhale ikuyenda.
Q: Mukumva bwanji ndi momwe msika ukuyendera pamene tikulowera mu 2022?
A: Makampani opanga ma semiconductor amatha kudziwika ngati bizinesi yozungulira. Chiyambireni kukhazikitsidwa kwa Rochester Electronics mu 1981, takhala ndi magawo pafupifupi 19 amakampani osiyanasiyana. Zifukwa ndizosiyana pa kuzungulira kulikonse. Pafupifupi nthawi zonse amayamba mwadzidzidzi kenako amasiya mwadzidzidzi. Kusiyana kwakukulu ndi momwe msika uliri pano ndikuti sunakhazikitsidwe potengera momwe chuma chikukula padziko lonse lapansi. M'malo mwake, kuneneratu zomwe zidzachitike m'malo athu apano ndizovuta kwambiri.
Kodi idzatha posachedwa, ndikutsatiridwa ndi kuwonjezereka kwazinthu zomwe timaziwona nthawi zambiri, mosiyana ndi zofuna zofooka zachuma, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti msika ukhale wotsika? Kapena itenga nthawi yayitali ndikukulitsidwa ndi kufunidwa kwamphamvu kutengera kuyambiranso kwachuma padziko lonse lapansi mliriwu utatha?
2021 idzakhala chaka chomwe sichinachitikepo pamakampani opanga ma semiconductor. World Semiconductor Trade Statistics yaneneratu kuti msika wa semiconductor udzakula ndi 25.6 peresenti mu 2021, ndipo akuyembekezeka kuti msika upitirire kukula ndi 8.8 peresenti mu 2022. Izi zachititsa kuti chigawochi chiwonongeke m'mafakitale ambiri. Chaka chino, Rochester Electronics idapitilizabe kuyika ndalama pakukulitsa luso lake lopanga semiconductor, makamaka m'malo monga 12-inch chip processing ndi ma CD apamwamba komanso kuphatikiza.
Kuyang'ana m'tsogolo, timakhulupirira kuti zamagetsi zamagalimoto zidzakhala gawo lofunika kwambiri la njira ya Rochester, ndipo talimbitsa kasamalidwe kabwino kathu kuti tiwonjezere kudzipereka kwathu popereka makasitomala athu miyezo yapamwamba kwambiri yazinthu ndi ntchito.
